Roaring '20s / Great Depression A-E

Prohibition

18th Amendment (1920-1933)

- The ban on the sale, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol

Anti-Saloon League

- Led a temperance movement against the dangers of alcohol, pushing for the ban

Reasons for Anti-Saloon League

1. Religious groups wanted a moral society

2. Social causes such as decreasing violence

3. Business felt alcohol decreases productivity

Volstead Act

- Law passed to enforce prohibition

Problems

- Speakieses

- Bootlegging

- Organized Crime

- Economy

- Division between Wets vs. Dry

- Disregard for the Law

Speakieses

- Secret bars where people would sell alcohol during the ban

Bootlegging

- The smuggling of alcohol

Organized Crime

- Mob active violence lead to violence

Economy

- Jobs were needed because of depression

- Division between Wets vs. Dry

- Wets wanted Alcohol

- Dry didn't want Alcohol

Wickersham Commission

- Spent 2 years studying prohibition, they went through police and hospital reports

; They found prohibition ineffective because there were alcohol related crime and death

21st Amendment

- Repealed and ended the "Noble Experiment"

Flask and Flapper Generation

- Young adults of the 1920's who rejected tradition, authority, and focused more on fun

Flapper

- Young women of the '20s who were known for dancing, drinking, smoking, and changing styles

Harlem Renaissance

- New York became the cultural capital for African American music, art, writing, etc.

Langston Hughes

- Poet and writer who was the leader of the rebirth of culture

Radio-KDKA Pittsburg

- First radio broadcast; brought music, news, and sports to people's homes

Music

- Jazz and Blues

Louis Armstrong

- African American Trumpet Player; First Jazz Soloist

Bessie Smith

- "Empress of the Blues" African American Singer

Automobile

- Main advancement in technology in the 1920's

Henry Ford

- Used the assembly line to mass produce cars

Ford Model T

- The First Mass Produced Car

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Democrat 1933-1945

- New York Governor, many political positions, and 5th cousin of TR

FDR Personality

- Skilled Politician

- Great Speaker

- Positive

- Confident

- Popular

1932 Election

- Used a Theme Song called "Happy Days Are Here Again"

FDR Quote

"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"

FDR Goals: 3R's

- Relief, Recovery, Reform

20th Amendment: "Lame Duck"

- The start of the president's term was moved from March to January

FDR supported the 21st Amendment because...

- He hoped it would help the economy

100 Days

- A period of frenzied action by FDR and his staff at the start of his term to begin programs to fight The Depression

Fireside Chats

- FDR's radio broadcasts to keep the people informed of his plans to fight The Depression

Elenor Roosevelt

- FDR's wife who was very active in helping cary out his policies

'Court-Packing' Plan

- FDR wanted to add more justices to the Supreme Court

Why did FDR want to add justices to the Supreme Court?

- Because the justices were against many of his New Deal Policies

How many new justices did FDR propose to add for justices over 70?

- One new justice for each justice over 70

Outcome of FDR's Court Packing Plan

- The plan was rejected by Congress.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

- Gave 3 million jobs to men ages 18-25 protecting the environment and natural resources

; one of most popular and successful programs

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

- Paid farmers to reduce crop supply and help avoid waste

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

- Set up rules for industry to help control production

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)

- Provided food, clothes, money to jobless Americans

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Provided 8 million jobs

- construction of parks

- schools

- roads

- buildings -

; one of most successful and productive

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

- Spent billions on on temporary public projects and small jobs

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

- Government agency that regulates interstate communication

Social Security Act

- Provided retirement benefits to people over 65

- Provided unemployment insurance, and assistance for the elderly (same system we use today)

Critics

- Some felt that the New Deal was too expensive and some programs were not well-planned