Biology - Midterm

alalalalallal

The most abundant element in living things

carbon

smallest unit of life

cell

main source of energy for our cells

carbohydrates

process thru which organisms keep their internal conditions stable

homeostasis

mitosis results in

2 diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical

hydrophobic part of cell membrane

fatty acid tails

cells that lack a nucleus

prokaryotic

how images appear under a compound light microscope

upside down & backwards

cell theory

all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, & new cells come from preexisting cells

diffusion

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

concentration gradient

difference in concentration between substances

diffusion of water thru a cell membrane

osmosis

hypertonic

shrink & more solute

hypotonic

burst & less solute

isotonic

remain the same

pigment that absorbs light during photosynthesis

chlorophyll

reactants of light independent reactions

nadph, atp, & carbon

light independent reactions occur in

stroma

light dependent reactions occur in

thylakoid

photosynthesis occurs in

chloroplast

cellular respiration occurs in

mitochondria

products of photosynthesis

oxygen and glucose

opening in leaves that allow for gas exchange

stomata

products of aerobic respiration

36 atp, water, & carbon dioxide

glycolysis occurs in

cytoplasm

organisms that are capable of cellular respiration

all living organisms

why cells must divide

volume increase faster than the surface area, dna overload, & cells having trouble exchanging materials

order of cell cycle

g1, g2, m then c

cells that have a special job

specialized

cells respiration that does not require oxygen

anaerobic respiration

atp consists of

phosphate group, adenine, ribose

equation for cellular respiration

6o2+c6h12o6 → 6h2o + 6co2 + energy

anaerobic respiration occurs in

cytoplasm

aerobic respiration occurs in

mitochondria

plants appear green b/c

absorb all wavelengths except green

true about photosynthesis

replace their electrons using water, they are molecules that absorb energy from sunlight, and contain the pigment chlorophyll

monomer of a protein molecule

amino acids

main function of carbohydrates

immediate source of energy

molecule that binds to an enzyme before a reaction takes place

substrate

class of bio-molecules that enzymes belong to

proteins

type of reaction is used when bonding any two monomers together

dehydration synthesis

denatured enzyme is an enzyme that has

changed shape

functions of lipids

energy storage, cushioning, insulation

a substrate will bond to an enzyme at what part of the enzyme

active site

type of growth that occurs when resources are unlimited

exponential

maximum # of individuals of a population that the environment can support

carrying capacity