thermal energy & heat transfer quiz

temperature

measures the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object or substance. (like a speedometer)

temperature is measured in...

kelvin, celsius and fahrenheit

two pots of boiling water have the...

same temperature (but bigger pot has more energy)

boiling point of water

100 degrees celcius; 212 Fahrenheit

freezing point of water

0 degrees celsius; 32 degrees fahrenheit

heat

flow of energy from warmer places to cooler places due to difference in temperature.

thermal equilibrium

when heat flows from a higher temp object to a lower temp object until the two objects have an equal temp

conduction

transfer of heat through a solid material by direct contact of particles. as particles heat, they become faster and bump into each other, creating more heat.

conductors

materials that allow heat energy to move through them efficiently (usually dense, ex. metals)

insulators

materials that don't allow heat to pass through them (ex. wool)

convection

transfer of heat in a fluid (gas or liquid) caused when hotter, less dense fluids rise and cooler, more dense fluids sink.

convection current

caused by moving fluids rising and sinking (ex. pot of water boiling)

radiation

transfer of heat through empty space by electromagnetic ray. no matter required for heat transfer to occur. (ex. sun's rays)

thermal energy exists when...

something is in movement (when the molecules in a substance vibrate)

heat is in...

everything!!

How do particles behave when energy is transferred through conduction

Particles vibrate in place

how do particles behave when energy is transferred though radiation

no particles are involved in radiation

how do particles behave when energy is transferred through convection

particles move around freely

true or false: heat flows from cold materials into warmer materials

false, heat does not spontaneously flow

true or false: heat always rises

false, heat in fluids rise but heat energy itself moves in any direction

heat transfer: steam out of a cup

convection

heat transfer: earths core

convection

heat transfer: iron

conduction

heat transfer: heat from a fire

radiation

heat transfer: popcorn

convection

heat transfer: ocean breezes and winds

convection

heat transfer:the sun heats up inside a car

radiation

Density

a measure of how much mass there is in a given volume of a substance

how does heat move

from a warmer object to a cooler object