musculoskeletal objectives

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what does an x-ray do

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what does an x-ray do

visualize bone

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x-ray precautions

ensure pt isnt pregnant

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what does a dexascan do

measures bone mineral density

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what is a precaution with a dexascan

avoid calcium supplements the day of

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what is a precaution for a CT scan

ensure pt has no shellfish allergy

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what are precautions for an MRI

ensure there is no metal on patient, claustrophobia management

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what does a bone scan do

find malignancies

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what are precautions for a bone scan

give radioisotope, empty bladder, remain supine

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what does an arthroscopy show

abnormalities of the meniscus, joint, and ligaments

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what does a positive ESR indicate

inflammation

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what does a positive rheumatoid factor indicate

connective tissue disease

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what dies a decrease of calcium and phosphorus indicate

osteomalacia (bone weakness)

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what does increased uric acid indicate

gout

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what does a positive C-reactive protein indicate

inflammatory disease, infection

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what does an elevated CPK indicate

muscular dystrophy, trauma

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what is traction

applies pulling force on extremity to attain realignment

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what is a NANDA for traction

risk for infection from the pins

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what are nursing interventions for traction

maintain bed in high position and ensure patient is pulled up in bed so the weight is not sitting on the floor

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what is compartment syndrome

too much swelling and pressure against a pressure dressing or cast

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what is the tell tale sign of compartment syndrome

out of proportion pain

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what are the 6 P's of compartment syndrome

paresthesia (numbness and tingling) pain unrelieved by analgesics pallor pressure increase paralysis pulselessness

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what is the treatment for compartment syndrome

remove cast, needle to remove swelling, fasciotomy

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what is osteomyelitis

infection of bone, marrow, and soft tissue

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what is the cause of osteomyelitis

staph aureus

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what are the signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis

bone pain, fever, N/V, swelling, warmth, sepsis

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what are the nursing interventions for osteomyelitis

get cultures and then start antibiotics

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what is a closed reduction

non-surgical realignment of the joint

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what is an open reduction (ORIF)

surgical fixation with screws, rods, plates, and pins

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what is acute back pain associated with

activity

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what is the treatment for acute back pain

analgesics, muscle relaxants, rest, heat/cold

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how long does back pain have to last for it to be considered chronic

3 months

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what is the treatment for chronic back pain

pain relief, antidepressants, surgery

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what are the nursing interventions for a post-op patient after surgery for intervertebral disk damage

maintain spine alignment (use log roll), opioids, bed rest, assess for CSF leaks

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