Shancy Samantaray CHAPTER 8: Endocrinology

Pituitary gland

master gland located in the brain

thyroid gland

Secretes Thyroxin and Calcitonin

Thyroxin Increases metabolic which increase energy production, growth and development

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels and takes calcium from the blood to put them in the bone
Disorder of Hypothyroidism in children is called cretinism show symptoms of short in stature and developmental delays and part of Newborn screening. Abnormal levels and or deficiency is prescribed synthroid

Parathyroid gland

Secretes Parathyroid Hormone that increases blood calcium levels. Hypocalcemia is also called osteoporosis which is bone break down.

Adrenal Glands

Composed of the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine or adrenaline increases metabolic rate, heart rate during exercise. Cortex secretes Aldosterone that causes kidneys to retain salt and water excreting potasium into the urine. Cortisol is the stress hormone that raises blood sugar levels

Pancreas

Secretes Insulin (Beta-cells) that lowers blood sugar levels and Glucagon (Alpha- cells) raises blood sugar levels. deficiency of insulin is diabetes

Testes

Secretes Testosterone which is the Masculinizing Hormone

Ovaries

Secretes Estrogen, the feminizing hormone and Progesterone that increases vascularizaton of uterus

Thyroxin

Secreted by the thyroid that increases metabolism

Calcitonin

Secreted by the thyroid that lowers blood calcium levels

Synthroid

offered to newborns who show abnormal levels in thyroid screening

Hypothyroidism

Low Thyroxin

Cretinism

Hypothyroidism in children

Hyperthyroidism

High thyroxin

Parathyroid hormone

secreted by parathyroid gland that increases blood calcium levels

Hypocalcemia

deficiency of parathyroid hormone also called osteoporosis

Adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine and increases metabolic rate, HR, breathing and blood flow during Exercise

Adrenal Cortex

secretes aldosterone that causes kidneys to retain salt and water and excretes potassium

Ehpinephrine (Adrenaline)

neurotransmitter that is secreted by adrenal medulla and increase MR, HR, breathing and blood flow during exercise

Aldosterone

Secreted by adrenal cortex that causes kidneys to retain salt and water and excretes potassium

Cortisol

stress hormone secreted by adrenal gland that raises blood sugar levels

Addisons disease

deficiency in cortisol

Cushing’s disease

excess cortisol

Insulin

Secreted by pancreas (Betal-cells)that lowers blood sugar levels and glycogenesis

Glucagon

Secreted by pancreas (alpha cell) and raises blood sugar levels and glycogenolysis

Diabetes Mellitus

deficiency in insulin (Beta cells)

Glycogenesis

creation of glucagon

glycogenolysis

breaking down glucagon

Testosterone

Secreted by the testes and is the masculinizing Hormone

Estrogen

secreted by the ovaries and is the feminizing hormone

Progesterone

secreted by the ovaries and increases vascularization (growing blood vessels) of the womb

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

HCG. tested for pregnancy

Placenta

maintains vascularization via HCG

Gestation

Pregnancy