APWH Units 3 & 4 Timeline

___: ___ began his first voyage to the “Western Seas” to promote ___ trade to Ming China.

1407 CE; Zheng He; tributary

___: Sultan ___ conquered the Byzantine capital, ___, renaming it Istanbul.

1453 CE; Mehmet II; Constantinople

___: The Grand Duke ___ defeated the principality of ___, and claimed to rule all of the Russians.

1478 CE; Ivan III; Novgorod

___: ___, sponsored by Spain, reached the Americas, making landfall in the ___.

1492 CE; Christopher Columbus; Bahamas

___: The Treaty of ___ is signed, dividing the newly discovered lands between Spain and ___.

1494 CE; Tordesillas; Portugal

___: ___ reached the shores of India, establishing a sea route to Asia for ___.

1498 CE; Vasco da Gama; Portugal

___: The ___ Dynasty was founded by ___ using gunpowder weapons and a modern bureaucracy.

1501 CE; Safavid; Ismail I

___: The Portuguese established a fort at ___ in East Africa, expanding their influence in the ___ trade.

1505 CE; Kilwa; Swahili Coast

___: The Portuguese captured ___ in India, establishing a strategic base for trade and control in the ___ region.

1510 CE; Goa; Indian Ocean

___: Martin Luther began the ___ with the publication of his ___.

1517 CE; Protestant Reformation; Ninety-Five Theses

___: Sultan ___ conquered Egypt and the holy cities of ___ and Medina reinforcing his claim as caliph.

1517 CE; Selim I; Mecca

___: ___ led the Spanish expedition to the ___ across the Pacific to open a new maritime trade route to Asia.

1519 CE; Magellan; East Indies

___: ___ conquered the ___Empire of Central America for Spain.

1521 CE; Hernán Cortés; Aztec

___: ___ established a new state in northern India, which would soon grow to become the ___.

1526 CE; Babur; Mughal Empire

___: Sultan ___ the Magnificent laid siege to the Hapsburg capital of ___, but failed to capture it.

1529 CE; Suleiman; Vienna

___: ___mariners are the first Europeans to reach ___.

1543 CE; Portuguese; Japan

___: Under Czar ___, Russia turned ___ and conquered the Muslim Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan.

1550s CE; Ivan IV; southward

___: ___ were forced to work on ___ plantations in the Caribbean islands after the arrival of sugar to Brazil.

1550s CE; Africans; sugar

___: ___led the Mughal Empire’s expansion east into ___, and southwards to the central Indian Deccan.

1556 CE; Akbar; Bengal

___: The ___ Empire required all taxes be paid in ___.

1570 CE; Ming; silver

___: Spain set up a colony in the ___ for trans-Pacific trade from its colonies in the ___.

1571 CE; Philippines; Americas

___: ___ defeats the ships of the ___ Armada and becomes ruler of the Atlantic Ocean.

1588 CE; Britain; Spanish

___: Shah ___ built an army of enslaved people known as ghulams from ___ slaves taken from Armenia and Georgia.

1595 CE; Abbas I; Christian

___: The ___ is established and sets up trading posts in ___.

1600 CE; British East India Company; India

___: The ___ saw Russia fall into ___, divided between two nobles who claimed the throne.

1600s CE; “time of troubles”; civil war

___: Samuel de ___ founded ___, marking the beginning of permanent French settlement in Canada.

1608 CE; Champlain; Quebec City

___: A unified Russia re-emerged when a new ruler, Michael ___, was elected as emperor, or ___.

1613 CE; Romanov; czar

___: ___ began the building of the ___, a white marble mausoleum in memory of his wife Mumtaz Maha.

1631 CE; Shahjahan; Taj Mahal

___: As peasant uprisings contributed to the fall of the ___, the Qing Dynasty captured ___.

1644 CE; Ming Dynasty; Beijing

___: The Safavids fought with the ___ Empire in their eastern provinces and in ___.

1650s CE; Mughal; Afghanistan

___: Calvinist ___ farmers set up a colony in southern Africa near the ___.

1652 CE; Dutch; Cape of Good Hope

___: ___ imposed Sharia laws and brought back the jizya tax that ___ residents had to pay in return for protection.

1657 CE; Aurangzeb; Hindu

___: The English captured ___ from the Dutch, renaming it ___, and solidifying English control in the region.

1664 CE; New Amsterdam; New York

___: Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, reaches the mouth of the ___ River, claiming the entire river basin for ___.

1682 CE; Mississippi; France

___: Under Czar ___, a war with ___ finally led to the annexation of the Baltic Coast.

1721 CE; Peter the Great; Sweden

___: The ___ Emperor cracked down on corruption and reformed the financial ___ of the Qing Empire.

1722 CE; Yongzheng; administration

___: The last ___ of the Safavid Dynasty is ___ by Afghan rebels.

1722 CE; shah; deposed

___: The ___ Emperor conducted a series of military campaigns that eliminated the ___ and Mongol threats to China.

1735 CE; Qianlong; Turk