WHAP Vocab Unit 7

Zionism

A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Zimmerman Telegram

The event that finally pushed America into WW1. In this intercepted document the German government offered to help Mexico reclaim American territory.

Zionism

A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Zimmerman Telegram

The event that finally pushed America into WW1. In this intercepted document the German government offered to help Mexico reclaim American territory.

Weimar Republic

Democratically elected government which replaced the German empire at the end of WWI. Its leaders were blamed for signing the Versailles Treaty. It became especially unpopular in the Great Depression.

War of Attrition

A prolonged war or period of conflict during which each side seeks to gradually wear out the other by a series of small-scale actions.

U-boats

Also known as submarines, Germany used these to attack ships often carrying civilians.

Total War

When a nation's domestic population and its military is committed to winning a war. All of the state's resources are dedicated to the cause.

Trench Warfare

A type of warfare characteristic of the Western front in WW1; Long ditches dug in the ground with the excavated earth banked in front to defend against enemy fire; soldiers slept, ate and fought here for months at a time.

Spanish Flu/1918 Influenza Pandemic

Influenza outbreak at the end of WW1; led to deaths of 50-100 million people.

Spanish Civil War

Conflict in Spain; took on global significance as a struggle between fascism and democracy; Hitler intervened with the Luftwaffe to support Franco's troops.

Rwanda Genocide

1994 Ethnic Hutu Militias took advantage of Rwanda's political turmoil and began killing Tutsi civilians.

Reparations

An outcome of the Versailles Treaty; Germany was forced to pay billions to the allies for the War; contributed to German economic instability in the 1920s.

Propaganda

Communication meant to influence the attitudes and opinions of a community around a particular subject by spreading inaccurate or slanted information.

Paris Peace Conference

The peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and Treaty of Versailles.

Operation Barbarossa

The invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War.

New Deal

A group of policies and programs introduced by FDR in the United States to address the economic fallout of the Great Depression. Its goal was to bring relief, recovery, and reform to the American economy.

National Socialism

This party came to power in Germany legally after winning many parliamentary seats in 1932; Hitler was leader of the party.

Militarism

Aggressive military preparedness; celebration and romanticizing of war and the armed forces. A long-term cause of WW1.

Mexican Revolution

Mexican reformers from the middle class joined with workers and peasants to overthrow the dictator Porfirio Díaz and create a new democratic order.

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party; led the Long March.

Mandate System

A new form of colonialism established through the League of Nations which allowed WW1 victor states such as Britain, France, and Japan to increase their imperial holdings by taking over former Central Powers territory.

Luftwaffe

Germany's Air Force.

Long March

A year-long, 6,000-mile retreat of Mao's communist forces into the interior of China, where they trained in hiding.

League of Nations

An organization established by the Versailles Treaty. It was created to be a forum where representatives of states could meet to discuss conflicts openly and avoid war. The United States did not join the organization.

Keynesian Economics

This economic theory argues that governments should use deficit spending to stimulate economic activity. It is a rejection of pure Laissez-Faire capitalism in favor of some government intervention to stimulate economic growth.

Indian National Congress

Indian nationalist group formed to work for rights and power for Indians under British rule.

Holocaust

The Nazi campaign to eliminate European Jews; known as the Final Solution; at least 6 million Jews and 6 million other "non-desirables" were murdered in this genocide.

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Territories that came under Japan in WW2 were called this; included Philippines, Dutch East Indies, British Malaya, Burma & numerous Pacific islands; Japan claimed to be liberating people from Western Imperialism.

Great Depression

Agricultural overproduction and the United States' stock market crash in 1929 were two major causes of this global economic downturn.

Genocide

The murder of a group of people based on their race, religion, or ethnicity.

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson's list of ideas for rebuilding and creating a lasting peace in Europe after WW1. These ideas were discussed at the Paris Peace Conference. The creation of the League of Nations was one of the implemented ideas.

Five Year Plan

Plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for developing the Soviet Union's economy; wanted to rebuild after WW1; tried improving heavy industry and farm output but resulted in famine.

Firebombing

Air warfare carried out by US and other allies; German cities Hamburg and Dresden destroyed; bombing technique designed to damage targets through incendiary devices causing fire destruction.

Fascist Corporatist Economy

An anti-capitalist economy where government controlled corporations and had political influence through them.

Fascism

A new political system that appealed to extreme nationalism, glorified military struggle, blamed problems on ethnic minorities, had no tolerance for opposition, and promoted using violence for political ends.

Conscription

Compulsory enlistment in armed forces.

Collectivize

In Soviet Union: farmland taken from private owners given to collectives; farmers retaliated by killing livestock/burning crops—resulted in famine.

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary & Ottoman Empire bloc during WWI (formerly Triple Alliance).

Bolsheviks

Revolutionary Marxist Party led by Lenin seized control of Russia in 1917.

Battle of Britain

German Luftwaffe bombardment of British military bases and later British cities. Also called the Blitz.

Balfour Declaration

Statement issued by the British Government stating that Palestine should become a permanent home for the Jews of Europe.

Atomic Bomb

A weapon of mass destruction developed in the US in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission; first used during WWII on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Armenian Genocide

An event which resulted in 600,000- 1.5 million Armenians being killed in the Ottoman Empire during WWI. Armenians were targeted because the Ottomans feared Christian Armenians were cooperating with the Russian Army.

Appeasement/Munich

European powers, including Britain, followed this policy leading up to WWII. They agreed to cede territory, such as the Sudetenland, to Hitler in hopes of keeping the peace.