SCIENCE: CHEM

Ionic bonding

Ionic bonding

result of electrons being transferred from a metal to a non-metal. The metal loses electrons to form a positively charged ion and the non-metal gains electrons to form a negatively charged ion.

NO OVERALL CHARGE

Proton

a proton is a sub-atomic particle with a positive charge

Neutron

similar in size to a proton but it has no charge i.e. neutrons are neutral

Electrons

It has a negative charge

First 20 elements

H - Hydrogen, He - Helium, Li - Lithium, Be - Beryllium, B - Boron, C - Carbon, N - Nitrogen, O - Oxygen, F - Fluorine, Ne - Neon, Na - Sodium, Mg - Magnesium, Al - Aluminum, Si - Silicon, P - Phosphorus, S - Sulfur, Cl - Chlorine, Ar - Argon K - Potassium, Ca - Calcium

Electronic configurations

Elements to learn

Element

Can not be broken down into simpler substances

Compound

Particles in other substances consist of two or more elements chemically joined together

Molecular Compound

Made up of molecules, Chemically combined together, Made up of elements

Ionic Compound

Made up of ions, Brittle, Strong due to high melting points

Mixture

Particles physically combined together

Pure Substance

Uniform composition, Only contains the element(s) that are in the substance

Periodic Table

Consists of elements put together in rows and columns, Has patterns based on melting points, electron configuration, etc.

Period

A horizontal row on the periodic table

Group

A vertical column on the periodic table

Atom

Contains protons, neutrons and electrons, Neutral charge

Monoatomic

Contains one type of atom (or element)

Polyatomic

Contains more than two types of atoms (or elements)

Ion

Can be unstable, Can have either a positive or negative charge, meaning it can either have more protons than electrons (positive) or more electrons than protons (negative)

Cation

Ion with positive charge (metals)

Anion

Ion with negative charge (non

Proton

Subatomic particle with a positive charge

Electron

Subatomic particle with a negative charge

Neutron

Subatomic particle with a neutral charge

Valency

Ability of atoms bonding with other atoms chemically bonded together

Valence Electrons

Electrons on the outermost shell

Electron Shell

Directional orbit around an atom’s nucleus

Electron Configuration

Distribution of electrons within its shells