Language and culture unit 2 terminology

Tone

the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.

Marker

a small headstone, usually of one piece, used to identify individual graves.

Accents

varieties of language that differ solely in pronunciation

Word choice

Using words that conjure a certain image in order to accomplish a certain goal.

Language ideologies

attitudes, opinions, beliefs, or theories that we all have about language

Stigma

a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.

prestige

a high standing achieved through success or influence or wealth etc.

Dialects

a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.

grammatical form

Grammatical form of a word influences whether it's interpreted as a noun, verb, or adjective

register

a horizontal band, often on top of another, that tells a narrative story

slang

a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people.

prejudice

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

identity

our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles

signal

A behavior that causes change in another's behavior.

social distance

how much social "space" is there between differing racial or ethnic groups in society, refers to the amount of space that operates between individuals or groups as a result of differences in race, age, culture, ethnicity, etc.

discrimination

Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group.

pragmatics

the practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context

code - switching

Changing from one mode of speech to another as the situation demands, whether from one language to another or from one dialect of a language to another.

social class

a group of people with similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living

ethnicity

A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race.

function

a relation in which each element of the domain is paired with exactly one element of the range

variation

differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs

belonging

being connected to others, part of a group or family or community

social structure

a pattern of organized relationships among groups of people within a society

intonation

The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.

vocabulary

the body of words used in a particular language.