Blood Group Genetics

Flashcards covering key concepts and terminology related to blood group genetics.

Blood group

The classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antigens and antibodies present in the blood.

Alleles

Different forms of a gene that can exist at a particular genetic locus.

Codominant alleles

Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Phenotype

The physical expression or characteristics of a genotype.

Blood group determination

Blood group is determined by the interaction of specific alleles, particularly the A and B alleles.

Universal donor

Individuals with type O blood, who can donate blood to any other blood type.

Universal recipient

Individuals with type AB blood, who can receive blood from any other blood type.

Anti-A antibody

An antibody that reacts against A antigens.

Anti-B antibody

An antibody that reacts against B antigens.

ABO blood system

A classification system for blood based on the presence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Albinism

A genetic condition caused by a deficiency in melanin production due to enzyme deficiency.

Sex chromosomes

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual, typically XX for females and XY for males.

X-linked disorder

A genetic condition associated with a gene located on the X chromosome.

Autosomal recessive inheritance

A mode of inheritance in which two copies of an abnormal gene must be present for the disease or trait to develop.