Balance of Power: Part 1 Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, technology, and impacts of European exploration and the Columbian Exchange during the Early Modern Age.

What technological innovations facilitated European maritime exploration from 1450 to 1750?

Innovations included the lateen sail, compass, and astronomical charts.

What was the significance of the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange resulted in the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, drastically altering economies and populations.

What was a key factor in the establishment of European maritime empires?

State-sponsored transoceanic exploration and the construction of global trade networks were crucial.

How did European colonization affect the indigenous populations of the Americas?

Colonization led to the introduction of diseases that decimated many indigenous populations.

What labor systems were introduced in the Americas due to the plantation economy?

Labor systems included chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and the encomienda and hacienda systems.

What were the main cash crops grown in the Americas primarily for export?

Cash crops included coffee, sugar, tobacco, and cotton.

What is Mercantilism and how did it influence European expansion?

Mercantilism is an economic theory that encouraged European rulers to expand and control their economies, facilitating overseas colonization.

What cultural impact did the Atlantic trading system have?

The Atlantic trading system led to the mixing of African, American, and European cultures, creating a cultural synthesis.

What were some responses from African societies to European presence?

Responses included incorporation of slaves into households and establishment of Maroon societies in the Caribbean and Brazil.

How did the Columbian Exchange benefit Afro-Eurasia nutritionally?

Afro-Eurasia benefited from the increased diversity of American food crops, improving nutrition.