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24 Terms
1
Analysis
the separating of material into its constituent elements and determining its essential features and their relations
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2
Argumentation
the act of using reasons to justify claims
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3
Syllogism
a logical argument in which a conclusion is inferred from two premises. It’s a form of deductive reasoning. It goes like this: (1) All dogs are mammals. (2) Mingo is a dog. (3) Therefore, Mingo is a mammal
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4
Chiasmus
A rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form.
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5
Ellipsis
omission of one or more words for conciseness and effect. Ex. “Youth is a blunder; manhood a struggle; old age a regret.” (The word “is” is omitted after the first clause.)
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6
Asyndeton
omission of conjunction before the last item in a series. Ex. “Government of the people, by the people, for the people…”
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7
Allegory
a story in which things and people represent something entirely other—an idea or a philosophy.
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8
Simple Sentence
subject-verb (I went to the store.)
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9
Compound Sentence
2 independent clauses joined by a conjunction (I went to the store, and I bought candy.)
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10
Complex Sentence
independent clause and dependent clause (While traveling to the store, I saw my friend.)
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11
Antecedent
a word, phrase, clause, or sentence, to which another word (especially a pronoun) refers. *“Mike* lost his penguin and he can't find it.”
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12
Nostalgia
a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past.
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13
Enumeration
the listing of things; to list one thing after another in prose
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14
Dichotomy
a division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
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15
Hypophora
Asking a question and then answering that same question. “What did you come here for? To learn how to have a good time!”
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16
Rebuttal
merely a response to the counterargument, advancing your side of an issue--may not be effective, may not prove someone or something wrong
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17
Refutation
to use evidence to prove a counterargument is wrong--this is done in response to another argument. When a rebuttal is absolutely effective, it becomes a refutation.
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18
Concession
acknowledging other points of view--admitting that the opposition has a good point. This builds credibility.
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19
Message
the subject matter of a work of rhetoric.
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20
Exigence
the provocation (or reason) to make the argument or work of rhetoric. Why did the writer give this speech?
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21
Purpose
what writer or speaker hopes to achieve by writing or giving a speech.
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22
Audience
awareness of the specific, intended audience of a work of rhetoric—awareness of the traits and perspectives of this audience.
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23
Context
The time, place, occasion, or other relevant contextual information about the moment of the work of rhetoric
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24
Writer/speaker
Our awareness of how the writer or speaker’s perceptions, or perspective, governs the text.
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