Ch 107 (Fall 2024) - Unit 4 Test Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, vocabulary, and definitions from the lecture notes related to chemistry, specifically focusing on acids, bases, reactions, equilibrium, and thermodynamics.

What is the specific heat capacity of water in cal/g°C?

1 cal/g°C

What is the relationship between pH and pOH?

pH + pOH = 14

What are the strong acids listed?

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4

How is the equilibrium constant (K_eq) defined?

K_eq = [Products]/[Reactants]

What does a catalyst do in a chemical reaction?

Increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

What does Le Chatelier's principle state regarding pressure changes?

An increase in pressure shifts the equilibrium towards the side with fewer moles of gas.

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

Acid gives up a proton to become a base, and the base gains a proton to become an acid.

What is the activation energy in a chemical reaction?

The energy barrier the reactants must overcome to form products.

What is a diprotic acid?

An acid that can donate two protons (H⁺ ions) in a reaction.

Which reaction is called neutralization?

The reaction of an acid with a base.

What question would determine if a reaction is endothermic?

Does the reaction absorb heat from surroundings?

What does a negative ΔG indicate about a reaction?

The reaction is spontaneous as written (left to right).

What is the term for a species that can act as either an acid or a base?

Amphiprotic substance.

Which element generates the greatest entropy in its standard state?

Gas phase substances generally have higher entropy than solids or liquids.