Federal Board Chemistry Class 9th PDF Book - MDCAT BY FUTURE DOCTORS - TOUSEEF AHMAD

Title Page

• "Not for Sale"

• Published for free distribution to the students of Islamabad Model Schools and Colleges

• Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad

Textbook Information

• Textbook of Chemistry for Grade 9

• National Book Foundation & Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad

Preface

• Developed according to the National Curriculum 2006 and National Style Guide.

• First published in 2012 with updates in supervision and design in subsequent editions.

• Designed to facilitate reasoning and critical thinking rather than memorization.

• Focus on scientific inquiry, with chapters including self-assessment exercises and connections to science and technology in society.

Contents

• Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Chemistry

• Chapter 2: Structure of Atoms

• Chapter 3: Periodic Table and Periodicity of Properties

• Chapter 4: Structure of Molecules

• Chapter 5: Physical States of Matter

• Chapter 6: Solutions

• Chapter 7: Electrochemistry

• Chemical Reactivity

• Glossary of Terms

• Answers to Exercises

Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Chemistry

Main Concepts

• Branches of Chemistry

  • Physical Chemistry: Structure and changes of matter.

  • Organic Chemistry: Substances containing carbon.

  • Inorganic Chemistry: Elements and compounds except organic.

  • Biochemistry: Changes in living organisms.

  • Industrial Chemistry: Large-scale production methods.

  • Environmental Chemistry: Pollution impacts.

Key Learning Outcomes

• Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures.

• Define atomic number, atomic mass, and mole.

• Convert atomic masses to gram atomic mass.

Chapter 2: Structure of Atoms

Key Concepts

• Atomic Structure: Includes protons, neutrons, and electrons.

• Bohr's Model: Explains electron arrangements in orbits.

Learning Objectives

• Understand isotopes and their properties.

• Evaluate electron configurations.

Chapter 3: Periodic Table and Periodicity of Properties

Key Notes

• Periodic Law: Properties repeat in a periodic manner when arranged by atomic number.

• Groups and periods differ in their chemical properties.

Chapter 4: Structure of Molecules

Major Points

• Bonding Basics: Covalent vs. Ionic bonds.

• Types of Bonds: Single, double, and triple covalent bonds.

Chapter 5: Physical States of Matter

Main Properties

• Gas: Fills its container and has low density.

• Liquid: Definite volume but no shape.

• Solid: Definite shape and volume, higher density.

Chapter 6: Solutions

Key Learning Outcomes

• Define solutions, solutes, and solvents.

• Distinguish between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.

Chapter 7: Electrochemistry

Core Concepts

• Oxidation-Reduction: Gain or loss of electrons.

• Electrochemical Cells: Devices that convert chemical energy to electrical energy and vice versa.

Applications of Electrochemistry

• In batteries, galvanic cells, and electrolytic processes for metal refinement.

Glossary and Key Terms

• Definitions of essential chemistry vocabulary including oxidation states, electrolytes, and types of bonding.

Conclusion

• The textbook emphasizes a deep understanding of chemistry fundamentals, practical applications, and critical thinking through diverse learning activities.