OMM II Terms (4)

Decompensation

Decompensation

A dysfunctional, persistent pattern, in some cases reversible, resulting when homeostatic mechanisms are partially or totally overwhelmed.

Fascial patterns

Systems for classifying and recording the preferred directions of fascial motion throughout the body.

Uncommon compensatory pattern

the finding of alternating fascial motion preference in the direction opposite that of the common compensatory pattern

Uncompensated fascial pattern

the finding of fascial preferences that do not demonstrate alternating patterns of findings at transitional regions. Because they occur following stress or trauma, they tend to be symptomatic.

Gait

a forward translation of the body’s center of gravity by bipedal locomotion.

Key lesion

AKA primary somatic dysfunction

Mobile point

In counterstrain, the final position of treatment at which tenderness is no longer elicited by palpation of the tender point.

Structural model

biomechanical adjustment and the mobilization of joints; seeks to address problems in the myofascial connective tissues, as well as in the bony and soft tissues, to remove restrictive forces and enhance motion. This is accomplished by the use of a wide range of osteopathic manipulative techniques such as high velocity-low amplitude, muscle energy, counterstrain, myofascial release, ligamentous articular techniques and functional techniques.

Respiratory-circulatory model

improve all of the diaphragm restrictions in the body. Diaphragms are considered to be “transverse restrictors” of motion, venous and lymphatic drainage and cerebrospinal fluid. The techniques used are osteopathy in the cranial field, ligamentous articular strain, myofascial release and lymphatic pump techniques.

Metabolic model

enhance the self- regulatory and self-healing mechanisms, to foster energy conservation by balancing the body’s energy expenditure and exchange, and to enhance immune system function, endocrine function and organ function. The osteopathic considerations in this area are not manipulative in nature except for the use of lymphatic pump techniques. Nutritional counseling, diet and exercise advice are the most common approaches to balancing the body.

Neurologic model

attain autonomic balance and address neural reflex activity, remove facilitated segments, decrease afferent nerve signals and relieve pain. The osteopathic manipulative techniques used to influence this area of patient health include counterstrain and Chapman reflex points.

Behavioral model

improve the biological, psychological and social components of the health spectrum. This includes emotional balancing and compensatory mechanisms. Reproductive processes and behavioral adaption are also included under this.

Osteopathic musculoskeletal evaluation

provides information regarding the health of the patient. Utilizing the concepts of body unity, self-regulation and structure-function interrelationships, the osteopathic physician uses data from the musculoskeletal evaluation to assess the patient’s status and develop a treatment plan.

Osteopathic structural examination

The examination of a patient by an osteopathic practitioner with emphasis on the neuromusculoskeletal system including palpatory diagnosis for somatic dysfunction and viscerosomatic change within the context of total patient care. The examination is concerned with finding somatic dysfunction in all parts of the body, and is performed with the patient in multiple positions to provide static and dynamic evaluation.

Psoas syndrome

A painful low back condition characterized by hypertonicity of psoas musculature.

Retrolisthesis

Posterior displacement of one vertebra relative to the one immediately below.

Sensitization

Hypothetically, a short- lived (minutes or hours) increase in central nervous system (CNS) response to repeated sensory stimulation that generally follows habituation.

Sherrington law

1. Every posterior spinal nerve root supplies a specific region of the skin, although fibers from adjacent spinal segments may invade such a region.

2. When a muscle receives a nerve impulse to contract, its antagonist receives, simultaneously, an impulse to relax.

Acute somatic dysfunction

immediate or short-term impairment or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system. Characterized in early stages by vasodilation, edema, tenderness, pain and tissue contraction. Diagnosed by history and palpatory assessment of tenderness, asymmetry of motion and relative position, restriction of motion and tissue texture change (TART).

Chronic somatic dysfunction

Impairment or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system. It is characterized by tenderness, itching, fibrosis, paresthesias and tissue contraction. Identified by TART.

Primary somatic dysfunction

1. The somatic dysfunction that maintains a total pattern of dysfunction, including other secondary dysfunctions.

2. The initial or first somatic dysfunction to appear temporally.

Secondary somatic dysfunction

somatic dysfunction arising either from mechanical or neurophysiologic response subsequent to or as a consequence of other etiologies.

Type I somatic dysfunction

a group curve of thoracic and/or lumbar vertebrae in which the freedoms of motion are in neutral with sidebending and rotation in opposite directions with maximum rotation at the apex (rotation occurs toward the convexity of the curve) based upon the Principles of Fryette.

Type II somatic dysfunction

thoracic or lumbar somatic dysfunction of a single vertebral unit in which the vertebra is significantly flexed or extended with sidebending and rotation in the same direction (rotation occurs into the concavity of the curve) based upon the Principles of Fryette.

Somatosomatic reflex

Localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures.

Somatovisceral reflex

Localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures.

Sprain

Stretching injuries of ligamentous tissue. First degree: microtrauma; second degree: partial tear; third degree: complete disruption.

Strain

1. Stretching injuries of muscle tissue.

2. Distortion with deformation of tissue.

Strain-counterstrain

An osteopathic system of diagnosis and indirect treatment in which the patient’s somatic dysfunction, diagnosed by (an) associated myofascial tenderpoint(s), is treated by using a passive position, resulting in spontaneous tissue release and at least 70 percent decrease in tenderness.

Supination

1. Beginning in anatomical position, applied to the hand, the act of turning the palm forward (anteriorly) or upward, performed by lateral external rotation of the forearm.

2. Applied to the foot, it generally applies to movements (adduction and inversion) resulting in raising of the medial margin of the foot, hence of the longitudinal arch. A compound motion of plantar flexion, adduction and inversion.

Still technique

Characterized as a specific, non-repetitive articulatory method that is indirect, then direct.

Tenderpoints

A system of myofascial tender points used for the counterstrain system for the diagnosis and treatment of somatic dysfunction.

Transitional Vertebra

A congenital anomaly of a vertebra in which it develops characteristic(s) of the adjoining structure or region.

Lumbarization

a transitional segment in which the first sacral segment becomes like an additional lumbar vertebra articulating with the second sacral segment.

Sacralization

1. Incomplete separation and differentiation of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) such that it takes on characteristics of a sacral vertebra.

2. When transverse processes of the \n fifth lumbar (L5) are atypically large, causing pseudoarthrosis with the sacrum and/or ilia(um), referred to as batwing deformity, if bilateral.

Trendelenburg test

The patient, with back to the examiner, is told to lift first one foot and then the other. The position and movements of the gluteal fold are watched. When standing on the affected limb the gluteal fold on the sound side falls instead of rising. Seen in poliomyelitis, un-united fracture of the femoral neck, coxa vara and congenital dislocations.

Trigger point (myofascial trigger point)

A small hypersensitive site that, when stimulated, consistently produces a reflex mechanism that gives rise to referred pain and/or other manifestations in a consistent reference zone that is consistent from person to person.

Viscerosomatic reflex

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures.

Viscerocisceral reflex

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures.

Wolff law

every change in form and function of a bone, or in its function alone, is followed by certain definite changes in its internal architecture, and secondary alterations in its external conformations