How far was Gorbachev personally responsible for the collapse of Soviet control over Eastern Europe?
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Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
The leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His policies of 'Glasnost' (openness) and 'Perestroika' (restructuring) aimed to reform the Soviet system.
What was 'Glasnost'?
A policy of openness and transparency in government activities and institutions in the Soviet Union. It allowed for more freedom of speech and information.
What was 'Perestroika'?
A policy of economic and political restructuring initiated in the Soviet Union. It aimed to decentralize the economy and introduce some market-oriented reforms.
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
A Soviet foreign policy that proclaimed any threat to socialist rule in any state of the Soviet bloc in Central and Eastern Europe was a threat to them all, and therefore justified Soviet military intervention.
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