CSE 12 Electricity basics

Electrical circuit

A conductive path for the flow of current or electricity. a conductive wire is used to establish relation among the source of voltage and the load. an on / off switch and a fuse are often used in between the source and the load.

Closed circuit

A type of electrical circuit that occurs when the load works on its own in a circuit without interruption. in this situation, the value of current flow depends on the load.

Open circuit

A type of electrical circuit that occurs when there is a faulty electrical wire or electronic component in a circuit or the switch is off. in this case the current cannot flow due to a break in the conductive path.

Short circuit

A type of electrical circuit that occurs when both (+ & -) of a voltage source in a circuit gets joint with each other for some reason. in this situation maximum current starts to flow. this generally happens when the conducting electrical wires get joint of even because of shorting the load.

Series circuit

is a type of electrical circuit that occurs when two or more loads are connected to each other in a series. In this situation, if one load or bulb gets a fuse, then the rest of the bulbs will not get power supply and will not glow. Christmas lights are a good example of this. a

Parallel circuit

a type of electrical circuit that occurs when 2 or more loads are connected to each other in parallel. In this type of circuit, the voltage capacity of all the loads must be equal to input supply. the power of “load” can be different. in this situation if one load or blub gets a fuse, then the rest of the blubs will still get power supply and will glow.

Ohm’s Law

The voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperatures remain constant

I = V / R
V = I * R
R = V / I

I = Current = Coulombs /Sec.

Coulomb is a unit of electrical charge

V = Voltage is a unit of electrical pressure

R = in Ohms, is a measure of Resistance

Also Power,

P = V * I

= I² * R

P = Power is the amount of energy used divided by time. It is measured in Watts = Joules/second.