metabolism
set of processes by which cells and organisms acquire, rearrange & void commodities in ways that sustain life
anabolic reaction
things animals do to build components
catabolic reaction
things animals do to break down components
energy
quantitative property transferred to an object in order to perform work
chemical energy/ chemical bond energy
energy released when bonds are broken
joule
work accomplished by applying 1 newton/ 1 meter
calorie
amount of energy it takes to heat up water by one degrees celcius
potential energy
stored energy
kinetic energy
energy in motion
what happens in the sodium potassium pump
Na is pumped out of the cell membrane and K+ is pumped in. The buildup of the Na from the outside of the membrane causes potential energy that can be harnessed to bring other materials into the cellular membrane as well as create ATP
what body component moves nutrients from food into the blood?
proteins
three types of physiological work
biosynthesis & growth, maintenance & repair, and external work
biosynthesis and growth
making cells, tissue and other components
is the energy transfer between two molecules complete
no
maintenance and repair
basic housekeeping, tasks that sustain life, all internal work
external work
contracting the body to perform work on external environment
where is heat lost in external work?
through muscle contraction heat is lost to the environment, specifically external surfaces in friction
what type of physiological work is the most inefficient/ releases the most heat?
maintenance and repair
thermoregulators (endotherms)
produce the right amount of work to produce enough heat that counteracts the heat being lost, maintaining a constant body temperature
conformers (ectotherms)
have less physiological work, produce less heat, gain heat from external sources through basking, burrowing
where does extra unused energy that isn’t heat go?
excreted through the body by feces, urine
metabolic rate equation
MR= (energy utilization/ time) OR (calories/ sec)
what happens if the calories in the environment is not enough for what the animal needs
the animal will die
if an endotherm is exposed to a higher climate what happens to their metabolic rate?
their biological processes happen faster, meaning their metabolic rate will also increase
how do we measure metabolic rate
level of O2 consumed/ Co2 excreted