Metabolism

metabolism

metabolism

set of processes by which cells and organisms acquire, rearrange & void commodities in ways that sustain life

anabolic reaction

things animals do to build components

catabolic reaction

things animals do to break down components

energy

quantitative property transferred to an object in order to perform work

chemical energy/ chemical bond energy

energy released when bonds are broken

joule

work accomplished by applying 1 newton/ 1 meter

calorie

amount of energy it takes to heat up water by one degrees celcius

potential energy

stored energy

kinetic energy

energy in motion

what happens in the sodium potassium pump

Na is pumped out of the cell membrane and K+ is pumped in. The buildup of the Na from the outside of the membrane causes potential energy that can be harnessed to bring other materials into the cellular membrane as well as create ATP

what body component moves nutrients from food into the blood?

proteins

three types of physiological work

biosynthesis & growth, maintenance & repair, and external work

biosynthesis and growth

making cells, tissue and other components

is the energy transfer between two molecules complete

no

maintenance and repair

basic housekeeping, tasks that sustain life, all internal work

external work

contracting the body to perform work on external environment

where is heat lost in external work?

through muscle contraction heat is lost to the environment, specifically external surfaces in friction

what type of physiological work is the most inefficient/ releases the most heat?

maintenance and repair

thermoregulators (endotherms)

produce the right amount of work to produce enough heat that counteracts the heat being lost, maintaining a constant body temperature

conformers (ectotherms)

have less physiological work, produce less heat, gain heat from external sources through basking, burrowing

where does extra unused energy that isn’t heat go?

excreted through the body by feces, urine

metabolic rate equation

MR= (energy utilization/ time) OR (calories/ sec)

what happens if the calories in the environment is not enough for what the animal needs

the animal will die

if an endotherm is exposed to a higher climate what happens to their metabolic rate?

their biological processes happen faster, meaning their metabolic rate will also increase

how do we measure metabolic rate

level of O2 consumed/ Co2 excreted