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Weather
Condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place
Anticyclone
High pressure center in the northern hemisphere with winds blowing clockwise outward from the middle causing clear skies
Cyclone
Low pressure center in the northern hemisphere with winds blowing counterclockwise toward the middle causing clouds and precipitation
Windward
Side or direction from which the wind blows
Coriolis Effect
Deflection or curving of winds and ocean currents due to the rotation of the earth
Jet Stream
Fast moving west-to-east flowing “river” of air high in the troposphere that influences weather
Orographic Lifting
Upward movement of air as it passes over a mountain range
Leeward
Opposite side or direction from which the wind blows
Wind
Movement of air along earth’s surface
Air Current
Air that moves up and down
Isobar
Line on a map connecting points of equal air pressure
Isotherm
Line on a map connecting points of equal temperature
Relative Humidity
Measure of how much water vapor is in the air compared to how much water vapor the air can hold at that temperature
Temperature
Measure of the amount of thermal (heat) energy
Latent Heat
Energy added or removed from a substance in order for it to change its state of matter
Dew Point
Temperature at which condensation occurs
Air Pressure
The weight of air pressing on a surface
Condensation
Change from a gas to a liquid
Evaporation
Change from a liquid to a gas
Deposition
Change from a gas directly to a solid
Sublimation
Change from a solid directly to a gas
Front
Boundary between two large masses of air with different temperatures
Gradient
The change in a measurement over a given horizontal distance
Land breeze
Coastal wind blowing during the night from the land toward the ocean
Sea breeze
Coastal wind blowing during the day from the ocean toward the land
Saturated
Holding as much water as is possible
Stratus
Low, flat, expansive, blanket-like clouds
Nimbostratus
Gray, thick blanket-like clouds that bring rain
Fog
Clouds along the ground
Cumulus
White, fluffy, cotton ball-like clouds that mean fair weather
Cirrus
High, feather clouds made of ice crystals
Cumulonimbus
Tall, anvil-shaped clouds that form during thunderstorms; thunderhead clouds
Anemometer
Instrument used to measure wind speed
Wind Vane
Instrument used to measure wind direction
Barometer
Instrument used to measure air pressure
Thermometer
Instrument used to measure temperature
Psychrometer
Instrument used to measure relative humidity
Rain Gauge
Instrument used to measure the amount of precipitation
Precipitation
Rain, snow, sleet, hail
Sleet
Precipitation in which raindrops freeze as they fall to earth; above freezing in clouds but below freezing at ground level
Hail
Precipitation in which strong winds repeatedly blow raindrops up high in clouds where a new layer of frost forms forming a small to large ball of ice which falls to earth
Freezing Rain
Precipitation in which raindrops freeze after they hit the ground; above freezing in clouds but below freezing at ground level
Snow
Precipitation in which water vapor condenses directly into ice crystals in the clouds which fall to the surface; below freezing in clouds
Rain
Precipitation in which liquid drops of water fall from clouds. It is above freezing in clouds and at ground level