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Deterrence theory
Comprised of 3 elements required in order to work:
Certainty of punishment
Fast punishment
Appropriate punishment
Only 1 of these will ever truly work.
The dark figure of crime
All unreported crime (70% of all crime)
The reasons crime data in Ottawa is ineffective
Dark figure of crime
Seriousness rule by police agency
Seriousness rule
A police agency looks at all the crimes, picks out the most serious ones, ignores the other ones, and then sends it to Ottawa)
Self report studies
A study which asks you what crimes you have done. Often times fairly accurate
Victimization studies
Studies that ask about which crimes have been done against you
General Social Survey (G.S.S)
Asks you what crimes have you done in the past 5 years, and what crimes have you been a victim of in the past 5 years?