STS MIDTERMS

Is a systematized body of knowledge

Science

Is an organized and dynamic inquiry (following scientific method)

Science

Is knowledge gained through observation and experimentation

Science

As material products; results of scientific inquiry; hardware produced by a scientist.

Technology

As the application of knowledge in solving scientific and practical problems that will help humans to survive and improve his life.

Technology

3500BC. The idea came to connect a non-moving platform to a rolling cylinder. People then invented the ___ and axle which is the concept of making ___.

The Wheel

Before mariners navigate with the star, but that method didn't work during the day or on cloudy nights. The Chinese invented the first ___ 9th and 11th century. Made of lodestone. Naturally-magnetized iron ore.

The compass

Was improved during the 11th century when magnetic needles were added.

Si Nan

Portable instruments, usually made from ivory. They were mainly produced in Nuremberg from the late fifteenth century onwards. (1620)

Diptych dials

A German inventor, Johannes Gutenberg invented the ____ around 1440.

The printing press

Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric ____ in 1876.

The telephone

Alexander Fleming in 1928 accidentally developed ____.

Penicillin

Is the global system of interconnected computer networks used by billions of people worldwide.

The Internet

In the 1960s, a team of computer scientists working for the US Defense Department’s ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) built a communications network to connect the computers in the agency, called ____. It use the “packet switching”.

ARPANET

A method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network.

Packet switching

These are sustainable technologies.

ECO friendly Technologies

This ____ utilizes resources from the environment without causing negative effects to it.

Sustainable technology

An ECO friendly Technology/Advantage.

Geothermal energy

Use of solar panels to provide electricity.

Solar energy

Wind mills as source of energy.

Wind power

Include any microorganism (such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi) or toxin (poisonous compounds produced by microorganisms) found in nature that can be used to kill or injure people. ex.anthrax

Biological weapons

Exploitation of advanced scientific knowledge and technological devices and systems gave rise to situations in which advances seem to have turned against their beneficiaries, creating ____.

Ethical dilemmas

Advanced countries enjoying science and technology based successes and hold high esteem in contemporary society (economic strength) vs millions of people in less

Disparities in Human well being

Military power is vital for national security of many governments; Superior and highly technical weapons dictated the outcomes of some recent wars.

Social and cultural conflicts

Can have negative consequences for certain sectors or constituencies.

Innovation technologies

Philippine Institute Of Volcanology And Seismology

PHIVOLCS

Department Of Science And Technology

DOST

Philippines Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration

PAGASA

Known for being a pioneering Filipino entomologist who authored the comprehensive book "Philippine Insects."

Clare R. Baltazar

Known for his research in the field of nuclear physics and for being one of the first Filipino scientists to study nuclear energy.

Melecio S. Magno

Known for his studies and annotations on Philippine history, flora, and fauna, particularly on the physiology of a species of beetle (Apogonia rizali) and a frog (Rhacophorus rizali) named after him.

Dr. Jose Rizal

Known for inventing the flower induction technology using potassium nitrate, which made mango trees flower and fruit year-round.

Ramon Barba

Known for her pioneering research in plant cytogenetics, particularly on the cytology of Philippine rice and sugarcane varieties.

Filomena Campos

Known for his work in agricultural development and leadership in national science administration, serving as President of the University of the Philippines and Chairman of the National Academy of Science and Technology.

Emil Q. Javier

Known for inventing the first videophone, a two-way television telephone, in 1955. Also known for discovering the physical law of electrical kinetic resistance known as the "Zara Effect."

Gregorio Y. Zara

Known for her research in the chemistry of natural products, focusing on the essential oils and phytochemicals from Philippine plants for medicinal and industrial use.

Luz Oliveros-Belardo

Known for his research in the field of chemistry of natural products, leading to the isolation and identification of chemical compounds from Philippine medicinal plants.

Alfredo C. Santos

Known for his extensive work in orchidology and plant taxonomy, authoring the definitive book "Medicinal Plants of the Philippines."

Eduardo A. Quisumbing

The historic region comprising modern-day North Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, and central to southern Mexico.

Mesoamerica

(250 A.D — 900 A.D) Developed in what is now called the Yucatan Peninsula

Maya

(1200 A.D — 1521 A.D) Built their capital on what is now Mexico City

Aztec

(1438 A.D — 1533 A.D) Developed in the Andes Mountains in what is now Peru

Inca

Was considered one of the most advanced civilizations to have existed in the America before the Spanish Conquest

The Maya

The archaeological period from 250 to 980 A.D. when the Maya civilization peaked. More than 40 cities flourished throughout the region with a population of 50,000 people

Classic Period

Urban centers with impressive structures like stone temples, pyramids, plazas, palaces, and ball courts.

Maya Cities

Structures at the center of the Maya’s religious practices.

Pyramid Temples

Focused on farming crops like corn, beans, and squash.

Maya Agriculture

Involved trading salt, chocolate, and cotton with other cultures.

Maya Trade

Used by the Mayas as a currency.

Cocoa Beans

The ___ made significant advancements and invented the concept of zero.

Maya

The ___ developed an accurate calendar system based on observations of the sun.

Maya

A system based on observations of the sun over thousands of years, used to guide agricultural cycles. (From the Mayas)

Calendar

The ___ discovered the only known system of writing in Mesoamerica, using hieroglyphics.

Maya

predicted eclipses and used astrological cycles in farming, developed crop-growing technology, first to use ___ hieroglyphics and glyph writing, created a 365-day calendar, invented looms and glittery mica paints, advanced in math with a base-20 number system, built elaborate cities with basic tools, and made hydraulic systems to supply water.

Maya Contributions

Include warfare, volcanic eruption, and drought.

Theories for Maya Collapse

A group that migrated into Central America in the early 13th century and built their capital city, Tenochtitlan, in the early 14th century A.D.

Aztec

The capital city of the Aztec empire, built in the Valley of Mexico. Approx. 300,000 people lived here and approximately million lived in the entire empire.

Tenochtitlan

A huge empire built by fierce warriors who used military power to collect taxes from conquered people.

Aztec Empire

Included many gods and the practice of human sacrifices. They built large pyramids for the most important one

Aztec Religion

The Aztecs believe that their gods needed human blood to maintain order in the world.

Human Sacrifices

Include learning to set bones, treat cavities, creating bridges, irrigation systems, an accurate calendar, roads paved with stones, and stone buildings, Mandatory Education, Canoes, Chocolates, Aztec Calendars, Chinampa

Aztec Contributions

A technology for farming where lands are divided into rectangular areas and surrounded by canals.

Chinampa

was made by the Aztecs to prevent muscle spasms and medication that relaxes the muscles

Anti-Spasmodic Medication

Enabled the to plan their activities, rituals, and planting seasons.

Aztec Calendar

A boat invented by the Aztecs for traveling in water systems.

Canoe

Began in 1519 When Hernán Cortés and His Spanish Forces

Fall of the Aztecs

Arrived; the Empire Officially Fell in 1521

Fall of the Aztecs

The Aztec Emperor During the Spanish Conquest, Ruling When Cortés and His Forces Arrived in 1519.

Montezuma II

The developed in the Andes Mountains in what is now Peru. They were ruled by an emperor who had absolute power. The people had to speak the language and worship the gods.

Inca

also known as the sky people

Inca

Included Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Argentina, and Ecuador.

Inca Territory

To farm the steep land, they cut terraces into the mountainside and built aqueducts, or canals, to irrigate crops. The Incas grew mostly corn and potato.

Farming in the Andes

The largest and best-preserved remnant of the Inca civilization, also known as the "hidden city."

Machu Picchu

Flat areas carved into mountainsides by the Incas to grow crops like corn and potatoes.

Terraces

A system developed to water crops.

Inca Irrigation

Amazing lines and designs, including spiders, made by the Nazca people in the desert.

Nazca Lines

Thousands of miles of roads constructed to link all parts of the vast Inca empire.

Inca Roads

Suspension bridges built by the Incas across mountains.

Hanging Bridges

An elaborate recording system using knotted cords, which were sometimes color-coded to mean different things.

Quipu

Could record population data, birth and death rates, food supply, livestock, and important dates.

Quipu Use

Include observatories, knowledge of predicting eclipses, astrological cycles for planting and harvesting, technology for growing crops, hydraulic systems, weaving cloth, and making glittery paints from mica.

Mesoamerican Innovations

Include roads paved with stones, irrigation systems, water storage, a 12-month calendar, suspension bridges, contributions to medicine, the agricultural chinampa system, and the invention of the canoe.

Mesoamerican Contributions

A period where a paradigm shift in human thought and understanding of the world occurs.

Intellectual Revolution

A fundamental change in the basic assumptions and theories of a scientific discipline

Paradigm Shift

It was postulated by Sigmund Freud.

Freudian Revolution

The study that explains human behavior.

Psychoanalysis

How human is being affected by the external environment.

Behavior

Refers to being aware of something that is happening.

Conscious factor

Refers to not being aware of something that is happening.

Unconscious factor

The pleasure principle.

Id

The moral principle.

Superego

The reality principle that balances the demand between the id and superego.

Ego

The paradigm shift from the geocentric model to the heliocentric model of the solar system, proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus.

Copernican Revolution

It resulted in the birth of modern astronomy

Copernican Revolution

Stated that the planets, as well as the sun and the moon, move in a circular motion around the earth.

Claudius Ptolemy

It is known as geocentrism.

Ptolemaic Model

The belief that the planets, as well as the sun and the moon, move in a circular motion around the earth.

Geocentrism

The belief that the sun is the center of the solar system.

Heliocentrism

The paradigm shift in biological sciences introduced by Charles Darwin, proposing that species evolve over time through natural selection.

Darwinian Revolution

It talks about evolution of changes in the environment as well as in living things.

Theory of Evolution