Foundation and Framing Flashcards

Flashcards for review of lecture notes on foundation, framing, slabs, sections, details, and elevations in construction.

Shallow Foundation

Foundation type used when the load is near the surface, examples include individual/isolated footing, combined footing, strip footing, and raft/mat foundation.

Deep Foundation

Foundation type used when good soil is deep down; examples include pile foundation and drilled shafts or caissons.

Individual/Isolated Footing

A type of shallow foundation designed for one column only, usually square or rectangular.

Combined Footing

A type of shallow foundation used when two columns are close and their footings overlap.

Strip Footing

A type of shallow foundation that is a long footing supporting a wall, distributing the load over a larger area.

Raft or Mat Foundation

A type of shallow foundation that is a large slab under the entire building, used when loads are very heavy or soil is weak.

Pile Foundation

A type of deep foundation involving long columns driven deep to transfer heavy load to stronger soil or rock.

Drilled Shafts or Caissons

A type of deep foundation similar to piles but constructed using augers, forming cast-in-place concrete cylinders.

Floor Framing

The system to support floor loads and transfer them to columns/walls safely, including joist size/spacing/direction, girder/column placement, floor heights, and stair openings.

Slab

A flat reinforced concrete surface used as a floor or ceiling.

One-Way Slab

A slab supported on two opposite sides where the load transfers in one direction, and the ratio of longer span (L) to shorter span (B) is ≥ 2.

Two-Way Slab

A slab supported on all four sides where the load transfers in both directions, and the ratio of longer span (L) to shorter span (B) is < 2.

Longitudinal Section

A section cut along the longest side of a structure (e.g., road or building).

Cross Section

A section cut across the shortest width of a structure (e.g., across a road or room).

Detail Views

Large-scale drawings of small parts of a structure (like wall joints, stair sections) showing how parts are connected.

Elevation Drawing

A flat view of one side of a structure (e.g., front, side, rear) showing final appearance, height measurements, and architectural features.