Ch5. Adaptations to Anaerobic Training Programs

Anaerobic training

High-intensity, intermittent bouts of exercise

Types of Anaerobic training

• Weight training

• Plyometric drills

• Speed & Agility

• Interval training

Neural Adaptations (A)

-Anaerobic training may elicit adaptations along the ___________

-Beginning in _____________ and continuing down to the level of individual muscle fibers

-neuromuscular chain

-the higher brain centers

Potential sites of adaptation within the neuro-muscular system

Neural Adaptations (B)

• Central adaptations

  (1) __________ activity _________ when the level of ________ developed ________ and when new ________ or ________ are being learned.

  (2) Many neural changes with anaerobic training take place along the _______________.

• Adaptations of motor units

  __________ and ______ increases of ________ muscles result from an increase in ________ , __________, _______ of firing, or a combination of these factors.

• (1) Motor cortex, increases, force, increases, exercises / movements

  (2) descending corticospinal tracts

• Maximal strength / power, agonist, rate of firing / synchronization

Key Point

-With heavy resistance training, all muscle fibers get ______ because __________ are recruited in a _________ order, by their _______ to produce high levels of _______ to overcome ___________.

-In advanced lifters, the central nervous system may adapt by allowing recruitment in ___________ order, by recruiting ______ ones first to promote great ______ or _______ in a movement.

-larger, motor units, sequential, size, force, external resistance

-non-consecutive, larger, power, speed

Size Principle

-_________ motor units are recruited _____ and have ______ force capabilities than ___________ motor units.

-To get to the _________ motor units, the body must first recruit the _________ motor units.

-Low-threshold, first, lower, higher

-high-threshold, lower-threshold

Neural Adaptations ( C )

-Possible changes @ Neuromuscular junction with anaerobic training include the following :

• ________ total area of the ___________ (NMJ)

• More ______, _______ shaped _______ and a greater total ______ of nerve terminal branching

• _______ _________ perimeter length and area, as well as greater ______ of _________ receptors within the ______ region

• Increased, neuromuscular junction

• dispersed, irregularly, synapses, length

• Increased end-plate, dispersion, acetylcholine, end-plate
  

Neural Adaptations (D)

-Neuromuscular reflex potentiation

• Anaerobic training may enhance the ________ response, thereby enhancing the ______ and ________ development.

• reflex, magnitude, rate of force

Neural Adaptations (E)

-Anaerobic training and electromyography studies (EMG)

• An ______ in EMG indicates ________ neural activation.

• Studies have shown ______ and ______ increases of up to _____%.

• Advancement in training contributes to further gains in ______ and ______.

• Dramatic increases in neural adaptations take place ______ in the training program.

• Cross-education

• ________ ______ in untrained individuals

• Change in muscle activity of the ________ during ________ movements

• increase, greater

• strength, power, 73

• strength, power

• early

• Bilateral deficit

• antagonists, agonist