English 12 unit 1

philosophy in literature

literature which are in certain ways concerned with philosophical issues.

literature in philosophy

Philosophy makes use of fiction to argue a point.

hilosophy of literature

Philosophy of literature investigates the foundations and presuppositions of literature.

essentialism

existentialism

Paulo Coelho

born in 1947 and grew up in Brazil.

Andalusia

The southernmost region of Spain

Strait of Gibraltar

A narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea

Sycamore

Tree at the beginning and end of the book

The King of Salem

Melchizedek. One of Santiagos mentors

Obstacle 1

The belief that one's desires are impossible

Obstacle 2

fear of hurting Love interferes with pursuing a dream

Obstacle 3

Fear of defeat

Obstacle 4

Fear of realizing the dream

The shepherd

archetype that embodies the caretakers

sheep

represent spiritual living, symbolize the values of humility, simplicity, and self-actualization.

levanter

The wind from Africa. symbolizes breath, or life

magical realism

1. Rooted in reality (events take place in an ordinary world)

2. Nonchalantly introduced supernatural elements (No explanation; it is just accepted)

3. Social commentary (uses magic to make a point)

Maktub

"it is written" in every situation or action there is a hand of fate involved.

crystal merchant

A Character foil of Santiago as he doesn’t wish to follow his dream

epistemology

a systematic way of interrogating our own thinking

Determinism

all events, including human actions, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. This means all events are necessitated by antecedent conditions and laws of nature.

Libertarian Free Will

humans are capable of making choices that are not determined by prior events or constraints, making them truly free and responsible for their actions

Englishmen

A Character foil to Santiago as he embodies book-based, intellectual learning, while Santiago represents intuitive, experiential learning from the world

Compatibilism

soft determinism. belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible.

theory of alternate possibilities

true freedom involves options–multiple possibilities

Alchemy

ancient branch of natural philosophy

Al-Fayoum Oasis

Egypt’s hidden treasures with a lake and cascading waterfalls

The Hero’s Journey

Joseph Campbell observed a universal overarching structure. monomyth

1. CALL TO ADVENTURE:

HERO IS CHALLENGED TO SOMETHING.

2. ASSISTANCE:

HERO RECEIVES HELP FROM SOMEONE OLDER AND WISER.

3. DEPARTURE:

HERO CROSSES THE THRESHOLD OF THEIR NORMAL HOME INTO ANOTHER LAND.

4. TRIALS:

HERO SLAYS MONSTERS

5. APPROACH:

HERO FACES WORST FEAR/ANOTHER MONSTER

6. CRISIS:

HERO IS POTENTIALLY INJURED OR KILLED

7. TREASURE:

HERO WINS IN SOME WAY – RECOGNITION OR POWER

8. RESULT:

HOW DOES THE CRISIS END?

9. RETURN:

HERO MAKES THEIR WAY BACK TO THEIR ORDINARY WORLD

10. NEW LIFE:

HOW HAS THE HERO CHANGED?

11. RESOLUTION:

HOW DOES THE STORY END?

12. STATUS QUO:

THE STARTING PLACE OF THE CHARACTER

Fatima

means “captivating”

Scimitar

a short sword with a curved blade that broadens toward the point

Simple Sentence

One independent clause

(IC)

Compound Sentence

Two independent clauses properly joined

(IC;IC or IC, FANBOY IC)

Complex Sentence

One independent clauses and one dependent clause

(IC, DC)

Compound-Complex Sentence

Two independent clauses and one dependent clause

(IC; IC, DC)