PSY230 discussion quiz: Sheep Brain Neuroanatomy

Frontal lobe

Higher cognitive processes, decision-making, planning, motor function, and speech production​.

Parietal lobe

Processes touch, spatial awareness, and language comprehension​.

Temporal lobe

Responsible for hearing, memory, and language comprehension​.

Occipital lobe

Primary visual processing area​.

Cerebellum

Controls motor coordination, balance, and learned motor patterns (e.g., riding a bike)​.

Lateral ventricles

Largest ventricles; contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and house the choroid plexus which produces CSF​.

Choroid plexus

Produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which cushions the brain and helps transport nutrients and remove waste.

Third ventricle

Located in the midline of the brain, it circulates CSF and connects to the lateral and fourth ventricles​.

Fourth ventricle

Located between the brainstem and cerebellum, it continues the circulation of CSF into the spinal canal​.

Cerebral aqueduct

Narrow channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles, allowing CSF flow​.

Olfactory bulbs

Process smell information from the nasal cavity​.

Optic chiasm

Point where the optic nerves partially cross, allowing visual information from each eye to project to both hemispheres​.

Optic nerves

Transmit visual information from the retina to the brain​.

Hypothalamus

Regulates homeostasis (e.g., temperature, hunger, thirst) and controls the endocrine system via the pituitary gland​.

Pons

Connects upper and lower parts of the brain; involved in balance, sleep, and motor control​.

Medulla

Controls essential functions like heart rate, respiration, and reflexes (e.g., vomiting)​.

Spinal cord

Conducts nerve impulses between the brain and body, controlling voluntary and involuntary movements​.

Mammillary bodies

Play a role in memory processing, especially recollective memory​.

Corpus callosum

Connects the left and right hemispheres, allowing communication between them​.

Cingulate gyrus

Involved in emotional regulation and attention​.

Fornix

Major output tract of the hippocampus, involved in memory processing​.

Thalamus

Relay station for sensory information (except smell) to the cerebral cortex​.

Hypothalamus

Maintains homeostasis and regulates the endocrine system.

Lateral ventricle

Contains CSF and is involved in cushioning the brain​.

Third ventricle

Contains and circulates CSF, located midline​.

Fourth ventricle

Circulates CSF between the brain and spinal cord​.

Cerebral aqueduct

Connects the third and fourth ventricles, allowing CSF to flow​.

Optic chiasm

Cross-over point for visual information from both eyes​.

Mammillary bodies

Critical for memory consolidation​.

Pons

Facilitates motor control and sensory analysis​.

Medulla

Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and breathing​.

Spinal cord

Transmits information between the brain and body​.

Corpus callosum

Bridges communication between the brain's hemispheres​.

Lateral ventricle

CSF reservoir, involved in cushioning and nutrient transport.

Caudate nucleus

Involved in motor control and learning​.

Putamen

Works with the caudate in movement regulation and motor learning​.

Thalamus

Sensory relay station to the cerebral cortex​.

Third ventricle

Contains CSF and helps circulate it through the brain​.

Fornix

Connects hippocampus to the hypothalamus, key in memory circuits​.

Amygdala

Processes emotions, especially fear and pleasure​.

Hippocampus

Essential for memory formation and spatial navigation​.

Pineal gland

Regulates circadian rhythms by producing melatonin​.

Superior colliculus

Controls visual reflexes and eye movements​.

Cerebral aqueduct

Links the third and fourth ventricles, allowing CSF flow​.

Fourth ventricle

Circulates CSF, located between cerebellum and brainstem.

Superior colliculus

Responsible for low-level visual processing and reflexes​.

Inferior colliculus

Processes auditory information and reflexes​.

Pineal gland

Endocrine function, mainly melatonin production for sleep regulation​.

Hippocampus

Critical for forming new memories and spatial navigation.

Amygdala

Central to emotion processing and memory consolidation.

Pituitary gland

Major endocrine gland regulating hormones, under hypothalamic control​.