Transport in Cells

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of __________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration.

lower; higher

The three main factors that affect the rate of diffusion are __________, __________, and __________.

concentration gradient; temperature; surface area

In the lungs, __________ diffuses into the blood from the lungs and __________ diffuses into the lungs from the blood.

oxygen; carbon dioxide

Urea diffuses from cells into __________ so it can be excreted in urine.

blood plasma

Single-celled organisms have a large surface area to volume ratio which maximizes the rate of __________ to meet the organism’s needs.

diffusion

To calculate surface area to volume ratio, Surface Area = __________ and Volume = __________.

Number of Sides x (Side Length x Side Width); Length x Width x Depth

Four factors that increase the effectiveness of a gas exchange surface include large surface area, thin membrane, __________, and __________.

efficient blood supply; ventilation

Osmosis is the movement of __________ from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a __________ membrane.

water; partially permeable

When a solution is isotonic to a cell, the concentrations of the external and __________ solutions are the same.

internal (inside cell)

When a solution is hypertonic to a cell, the concentration of the external solution is __________ than that of the internal solution.

higher

When a solution is hypotonic to a cell, the concentration of the external solution is __________ than that of the internal solution.

lower

When an animal cell is placed in a very hypotonic solution, __________ moves into the cell, causing it to burst.

water

When an animal cell is placed in a very hypertonic solution, __________ moves out of the cell, causing it to shrivel up.

water

Plant leaves and stems remain rigid due to __________ pressure, as water moves in by osmosis.

turgor

When a plant cell is placed in a very hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell by osmosis and the vacuole and cytoplasm __________ in size.

decrease

Active transport is the movement of molecules from a more __________ solution to a more __________ solution against a concentration gradient.

dilute; concentrated

Root hair cells use active transport to take up __________ from soils.

mineral ions

Active transport is used to transport __________ from a lower concentration in the gut to a higher concentration in the blood.

glucose

Glucose is then transported to the tissues where it can be used in __________.

respiration

The larger the __________ gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

concentration

The __________ the temperature, the faster the rate of diffusion.

higher

The larger the __________ area, the faster the rate of diffusion.

surface

In addition to gas exchange, diffusion occurs in the __________ and __________.

lungs; kidneys

The process of __________ occurs across selectively permeable membranes.

osmosis

Cells can become __________ when placed in solutions that lead to excessive water loss.

plasmolysed

A __________ solution has the same osmotic pressure as the cell's interior fluid.

isotonic

The __________ membrane allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

partially permeable

Active transport processes require __________ from respiration.

energy

Plants need __________ and __________ ions for healthy growth, which they absorb via active transport.

magnesium; nitrate

Larger cell surface areas are beneficial for facilitating __________ processes.

exchange

Cells in the kidneys facilitate the transport of __________ by diffusion, assisting in waste removal.

urea

Animal cells may burst in a __________ solution due to excess water intake.

hypotonic

When animal cells are surrounded by a __________ solution, they lose water and shrink.

hypertonic