SPEX test topic 5

skill

skill

goal oriented movements specific to a task + learned

4 skills

cognitive, perceptual, motor, perceptual-motor

cognitive skill

thinking

perceptual skill

visual, touch, auditory

motor skill

movement

perceptual-motor skill

interpretation + response

gross motor skills

big muscles/movements

fine motor skill

small muscles/ precision

open skill

affected by the environment

closed skill

self paced, controlled environment

serial action

multiple discrete actions.

triple jump

discrete action

1 movement, start + finish

continuous

cycle after cycle

individual skill

outcome doesn’t depend on others

interactive skill

outcome depends on confrontation with others

co-active skill

outcome with others but without confrontation

ability

ability to do something- “performance potential”

levels of experience are impacted by…

experience + coaching

abilities are…

they can be…

stable

genetic

time and practice…

affect the performer

novice vs. expert

Consistency, accuracy, control, efficiency, and fluency

technique

how you do something

formula for skill

skill = ability + technique

fleishmans physical abilities

explosive, stamina, strength

fleishmans perceptual-motor abilities

precision, coordination, wrist-finger speed

simple info processing

input - decision - output

welford info processing

Input-Sensation-Perception-Decision-Efferent Organization-Output-Feedback

sensor input

extero-, proprio-, interceptors

interoceptors

info about the body

exteroceptors

info about the enviornment

response time

reaction + action time

what effects response time

stimulus transmission, detection, recognition, etc

knowledge of performance and results

info about the quality and the outcome of the performance

intrinsic feedback

personal opinions of ourselves

extrinsic feedback

feedback from coaches

selective attention and memory

SA in the STSS

feedback

info from a performance

STSS

1-3 secs, unprocessed info, no attention

STM

15, 30 secs, limited, can be lost easily

LTM

storage for a long time, unlimited

types of memory improvement

rehearsal, chunking, organization, association, practice

psych refractory period

2 stimuli, choose to react to one or the other

executive motor programme

number of motor programs to do a task

motor programmes

set of movements

open loop

muscle memory

closed loop

needle and thread

perceptual trace

you should know how something feels

memory trace

physical record of a memory

schema theory

open + closed loop

recall schema

memory after an action or recall

recognition schema

memory after feeling a movement

response specifications

LTM vs STM

performance and learning

temporary occurrence and a permanent change resulting from practice

4 learning curves

positive acc., negative acc., linear, plateau

transfer

influences from previous experiences that affect new ones

types of transfer

positive, negative, zero/neutral, skill to skill, practice to performance, abilities to skill, bilateral, stage to stage, principles to skill

types of presentation

limit to whole, whole part whole, progressive part, and part

types of practice

distributed, massed, fixed, variable, mental

types of teaching styles

command, reciprocal, problem-solving

role of feedback in learning

feedback should be used as motivation but not overdone. helps improve performance.