MASTER POTERY UNIT: VOCAB AND SONNETS OVERVIEW

A male protagonist/speaker narrates

Shakespeare's sonnets

Shakespeare's sonnets often called the speaker \___sometimes to show that the narrator is _

Will, William Shakespeare

The sonnets written show

essential human experiences

Shakespeare inherited sonnets from

Wyatt, Surrey, Sidney, and others.

An English Shakespeare sonnet consists of

14 lines, and most are divided into three quatrains and a final, concluding couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg.

The pattern of Shakespeare's sonnets starts with

a question

What is after the question in Shakespeare

a turn in the narrative,

How does Shapekere's sonnet structure usually end?

the abonnement of the question asked

The final couplet?

summarizes and explains what has gone before.

Poets during Shakespeares’ time write sonnets to

praise somebody they love

Each quartan usually makes a point

presents an example

SONNET 18

imperfect rhyme

(approximate or slant rhyme) involves words that sound similar, but are not exactly the same Example: crooned/groaned, sun/gone

eye rhyme

rhyme that appears correct from spelling but does not rhyme because of pronunciation ex: prove and love

end rhyme

Occurs between words found at the ends of two or more lines in a poem Example: From my boyhood home I remember A crystal moment in September

internal ryhme

between words, occurs within a single line of potery example: O fleet, sweet sorrow

Rhythm

Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry, can be regular or iregular

meter

A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry

ryhme scheme

the ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse. the first end sound is represented with a, then next b, ETC

Scansion

The process of marking lines of poetry to show the type of feet and the number of feet they contain

| iambic | foot

A two-syllable foot with stress on the second syllable; is the most common foot in the English language. Heartbeat or footfall (the way we walk) Two feet (1 foot) Ex: Be low DE light u /. u /

trochaic foot / U

A two-syllable foot with the stress on the first syllable / U stressed, unstressed Ga. ther. /. U.

spondaic foot /. /

Two stressed syllables Child hood /. /

Pyrric foot U U

Two unstressed syllables; this type of foot is rare and is found in between other types of feet Of a U U

anapestic foot U. U. /

Three syllables with the stress on the last syllable In. ter twine U. U. /

dactylic foot / U U

Three syllables with the stress on the first syllable Hap Pi Ness /. U. U

Metrical lines

Monometer: 1 foot per line Dimeter: 2 feet per line Trimeter: 3 feet per l ine tetrameter: 4 feet per line Pentameter: 5 feet per line Hexameter: 6 feet per line Heptameter: 7 feet per line Octameter: 8 feet per line

Ryhmed Verse

Consists of a verse with end rhyme and regular meter

blank verse

Consists of unrhymed iambic pentameter

free verse

consists of lines that do not have a regular meter and do not contain rhyme (not poetry)

Denotaion

The dictionary definition of a word

Connotation

All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests

perfect rhyme

involves words that sound similar, but are exactly the same ex: love dove

. Italian sonnet or Petrarchan sonnet

(14 lines) An octave, which typically rhymes abbaabba, and a sestet, which may have varying rhyme schemes. Common rhyme patterns in the sestet are cdecde, cdcdcd, and cdccdc.

Alliteration

The repetition of the initial consonant sound in two or more words in a line of verse

Antithesis:

Balancing or contrasting one thing against another for effect Example: Fair is foul and foul is fair.

anza Forms:

Triplet 3 line Quatrain 4 line Quintet 5 line Sestet 6 line Septet 7 line Octave 8 line 9 line stanza 10 line stanza

Apostrophe

Addressing something nonhuman as if it were human Example: Death, be not proud . . .

Assonance

e similarity or repetition of vowel sounds in two or more words with different consonant sounds Example: She is free and eager to lead.

Ballad:

a type of poem that is meant to be sung and is both lyric and narrative in nature

Caesura

A little pause within a line.

Consonance

The repetition of consonant sounds that are NOT at the beginning of words in a line of verse Example: Come live with me and be my love

Dead metaphor

a metaphor that has become so overused that we no longer realize that is a figure of speech—we simply skip over the metaphorical connection it makes.Examples: the roof of the mouth, the eye of the storm, the heart of the matter, and the arm of a chair

Direct metaphor:

Directly compares two things with a verb such as "is" Example: My love is a red, red rose

Elegy

a sad poem, mourning the death of someone

End-stopped line:

A line of verse has a pause as its end (could be a comma, semi-colon, period, or other punctuation

English sonnet or Shakespearean sonnet

(14 lines) Three quatrains followed by a couplet The most common rhyme scheme for this sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg

Extended metaphor

A metaphor that is developed over several lines of writing

Hyperbole

Exaggeration for the sake of effect, for emphasis, not to be taken literally; overstatement Example: I cried my eyes out.

Imagery

language that appeals to the five senses. The word image perhaps most often suggests a mental picture and visual imagery is the most frequently occurring kind of imagery in poetry. But an image may also represent a sound, a smell, a taste, a tactile experience, and an internal sensation.

Implied metaphor

Suggests a comparison WITHOUT using "is" Example: My love blossoms and flowers

Inversion

term used to refer to the inverting of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase. Poets will use inversion to maintain a particular meter or rhyme scheme.

Irony

: Saying the opposite of what is true Example: War is kind.

Literary allusion

A reference to a person, place, or thing from previous literature

Lyric

a brief, personal poem that is especially musical and filled with emotion; sonnets, odes, and elegies are types of lyrics

Metaphor

Two dissimilar things are compared WITHOUT using words such as "like," "as," "than," or "resembles"

Metonymy

A figure of speech in which something closely related to a thing or suggested by it is substituted for the thing itself. Example: Calling the judiciary "the bench, the king "the crown," the President "the White House."

Mixed metaphor

The inconsistent mixture of two or more metaphors; a common problem in bad writing, and they can often be unintentionally funny Examples: Put it on the back burner and let it germinate; that's a very hard blow to swallow; let's set sail and get this show on the road

Narrative

: a story told in verse form; an epic is a narrative poem

Onomatopoeia

The use of words that imitate the sounds they define Example: buzz, sizzle, hiss, gurgle

Paradox

An apparent contradiction which proves, upon closer examination, to be true Example: Poor little rich girl

Perfect rhyme:

(exact rhyme) involves sounds that are exactly the same Example: groaned/moaned

Personification

Giving human or animate qualities to nonhuman or inanimate things Example: The raindrops danced on the sidewalk.

Poetry defined

A kind of rhythmic, compressed language that uses figures of speech and imagery designed to appeal to our emotions and imagination. Poetry is also called verse.

Refrain

The repetition of one or more phrases or lines at definite intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza

Repetition

Repeating a word or phrase within a poem Reasons to use: ▪ Pleasing to the ear ▪ Emphasizes idea ▪ Gives poem structure

Rhyme

The similarity or likeness of sound in two or more words

Run-on line or Enjambment

When there is no pause or punctuation at the end of a line and the line flows into the next

Simile

Two dissimilar things are compared using words such as "like," "as," "than," or "resembles"

Sonnet

A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, having one of several rhyme schemes

Stanza

A group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit; a division of a poem that is often referred to as a "paragraph of poetry"

Symbol

Something concrete used to represent something abstract

Synecdoche

A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to signify the whole.