History

EOYT History

why was Brittan the first to be industrialised

why was Brittan the first to be industrialised

• more agrarian trade = more crops = more food + more money

• more food = more people

• more trade = more money (to invest in new factories and techniques

• lots of natural resources = rivers = power + transport

cotton industry - 18th century

18th century

• flying shuttle = weaving faster

• spinning jenny = spun quicker

• loom = to allow them to catch up to each other

working conditions in the new factories

• child labour

• strict and punishable regulations

• wanted the machines to work constantly people worked in 12 hour shifts

Watt steam engine - 1785

• Meant that factories were no longer dependent on water sources for power

• james watt

• create more job opportunities (urbanisation)

BEFORE VS AFTER (industrial rev)

rural = city

farms and agriculture = cities and potential labour pools

James Watt & The Steam Engine = an engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power.

INNOVATION NOT INVENTION - impact of industrialisation. Brittan 1800-1850

• cities grew (urbanisation)

• 2 new social classes = industrial middle and industrial working

• population doubled = more food supply better food = less disease

urbanisation

• Increase in the proportion of the countries population living in towns and cities:

  London 1800 = 1 mil population

  London 1850 = 2.5 mil population

• main consequence = living conditions were worse

middle class

• own businesses

• develop markets = run industries

• all about money

working class

• 16 - 12 hours a day

• coal mines = dangerous gasses

• workers got sick

reform

• to change for the better

• equalisation between classes

• less long working hours

• protests

• education = more ideas

Before reforms

middle class = all the money

workers = nothing

Second Industrial Revolution

1900 - 2000 centuries

2.- technological advancements

steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum

1.- advancements in...

iron, coal, textiles.

henry bessemer = what is the bessemer process steel replaces iron

why? because it was lighter smaller and therefore faster

alexander bell developed....

Telephone 1876

Gugliemo Marconi developed.......

first radio waves across the Atlantic

when was the first passenger plane service developed?

1919

henry ford developed....

the asembaly line = made production faster and easier 1913

• clocks

• bikes

• lights

why did the gov. implement reforms (better working hours and conditions to improve society)

because they realised the working hours were unstable and so were the living conditions. they thought they would be overthrown if things didn't change.

Radial Reformation

government helps distribute wealth evenly (socialism)

Karl Marx

• founder of modern communism, wrote the Communist Manifesto

• saw only 2 classes = bourgeoisie and proletariat

• removal of private property

• redistribution of wealth

• right to strike (1870)

OPCVL stads for?

Opinion

Purpose

Context

Value

Limitation

women could not

-own property

-vote

-hold office

-serve on a jury

- write a will

THEY REMAINED LEAGLY INFERIOR (and economically dependent) TO THIER HUSBANDS

new elite class (5%) - controlled 40% of money bankers, merchants, industrialists

diverse middle class (15%)

lawyers, doctors, engineers, civil service believed in hard work and apprenticeships

working class (80%)

labourers, pheasants and domestic servants (mostly women)

in 1870

better conditions (10 hours a day) and saturday afternoon off

lower class

women had to work.

childhood over by 10 to work or become apprentices

education

ages 6-12 mandatory attendance

= new job opportunities

= more people the right to vote

= increased literacy

= more journalistic jobs

leisure

• freedom from the demands of work or duty for a period of time

• amusement parks

• team sports