LING 220 Phonemes vs. Allophones
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11 Terms
Phoneme
Mental representation of a sound in a language
Allophone
Predictable variation of a phoneme
Phonemes are contrative
changing one phoneme changes the meaning
Phonemes: Unpredictable
You cant always know which phoneme will appear without knowing the word
Minimal pairs exist =
= Phonemes
English /p/ and /b/ in pat/bat (different phonemes)
Allophones are ___ based on environment (conext)
Predictable
Evidence: complementary distribution (non-overlapping environments).
Allophone non-contrasive
Changing an allophone does not change meaning
No minimal pair, and predictable
Allophones
Example: English /t/ → [tʰ] in top (aspirated), [t] in stop (unaspirated) → both are allophones of /t/.
Minimal pair → contrast →
Different phonemes
No overlap + predictable →
Complementary distribution → allophones of one phoneme
Overlapping but same meaning →
Free variation
Note 
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