LING 220 Phonemes vs. Allophones

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11 Terms

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<p>Phoneme </p>

Phoneme

Mental representation of a sound in a language

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<p>Allophone</p>

Allophone

Predictable variation of a phoneme

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Phonemes are contrative

changing one phoneme changes the meaning

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Phonemes: Unpredictable

You cant always know which phoneme will appear without knowing the word

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Minimal pairs exist =

= Phonemes

English /p/ and /b/ in pat/bat (different phonemes)

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Allophones are ___ based on environment (conext)

Predictable

Evidence: complementary distribution (non-overlapping environments).

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Allophone non-contrasive

Changing an allophone does not change meaning

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No minimal pair, and predictable

Allophones

Example: English /t/ → [tʰ] in top (aspirated), [t] in stop (unaspirated) → both are allophones of /t/.

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Minimal pair → contrast →

Different phonemes

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No overlap + predictable →

Complementary distribution → allophones of one phoneme

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Overlapping but same meaning →

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