midterm Govt 1-8 mindtap

When journalists consider it their job to be critical of politicians, searching for inaccuracies in fact and weaknesses in argument, this is called..

watchdog journalism.

When the media uncovers public wrongdoing and brings that wrongdoing to the public's attention, it is engaged in which role of the media?

serving as a watch dog

when the media uncovers public wrongdoing

at each national convention, a political party drafts what document that outlines the partys policies positions and principles

Platform

Over time, what has happened to the concentration of media ownership due to more lax FCC control?

It has grown

In response to financial stress, some have suggested that newspapers operate as ___________, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps government support.

nonprofit

Journalist are most likely to identify as which of the folloiwng

Democrats

Which of the following is the most common used source for news in America

News radio

The best example of the generational effect is which of the following?

Individuals who came of age during the Watergate scandal have a cynical attitude toward government.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of public opinion?

Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked by pollsters

A sample of 1,000 randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus) how many percentage points?

Three

Which of the following statements regarding political socialization is true?

Scholars believe that greater access to political information may explain why young Americans are more liberal than their parents on many social issues.

The contemporary political “gender gap” refers to the tendency of women to do which of this following?

Identify more with the Democratic Party than men do

Which of the following are considered basic functions of government

promote general welfare

Ensure social order

Provide a common defense

In objecting to a strong central government, the Antifederalists found it better to incur

than to embrace the new Constitution.

Anarchy

What, according to the author, is an important but onerous civic duty from which women have historically been excluded in the United States and remain excluded from today?

Registering with Selective Service

Which amendment of the Constitution was the Military Selective Service Act (MSSA) signed by President Carter legally challenged upon

Fifth Amendment

Which of the following statements best describes Mitt Romney's conclusions about his impeachment vote?

Despite his partisan allegiance to the president, the evidence requires that he vote to convict.

The concept of the rule of law in American politics is tied in part to the Declaration of Independence because of its belief in

Human equality

According to Senator Mitt Romney’s statements, why did Alexander Hamilton support the Senate’s power to remove a president rather than waiting for the voters

To minimize the partisan sentiments of the people

What is the term for the increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world

Globalization

Nations around the world have police and judicial systems that use firearms and imprisonment to help control erratic human behavior. What term is used to denote this legitimate use of force

Government

What is national sovereignty

A nation’s externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs

Why are most citizens willing to surrender their freedom to the control of the government?

To obtain the benefits from the government

Which of the following choices does the rule of law accomplish?

Maintaining order

What is the basic purpose of government according to John Locke?

To protect life, liberty, and property

Which of the following examples is a public good?

National parks

Which two models of democratic government can be used to evaluate the American governmental process?

Majoritarian and pluralist

Freedom of religion, speech, and press represent which form of freedom?

The absence of constraints on behavior

President Lyndon B. Johnson believed that the government should have policies that redistribute wealth and status so that equality can be achieved. Which idea does this demonstrate?

Social equality

Which of the following examples reflects political equality?

Every citizen gets one and only one vote.

What was the original purpose of government

To protect life and property

Which type of government deliberately chooses strict social and economic order as its top priority, as evidenced by the government eavesdropping on phone conversations and opening mail of private citizens?

Authoritarian communism

Caroline plans to march with other female pilots as they protest higher salaries paid to male airline pilots. Which dilemma is their protest based on?

Equality

Which political ideology is opposed to all government action except what is necessary to protect life and property?

Libertarianism

In some countries, the government has unlimited power and controls all sectors of society including every aspect of individual behavior. Which ideology does this represent?

Totalitarianism

Which of the following choices is something that a democratic socialist government might do for citizens?

Guarantee civil liberties and allow citizens to decide on the extent of government activity

Economist Milton Friedman believed that free enterprise is necessary for free politics. Which ideology does his view represent?

Capitalism

A citizen supports the idea of government spending on the military,but believes that the implementation of social programs and the regulation of the economy are outside of its scope. Which political ideology best aligns with this set of beliefs?

Libertarianism

Consider that totalitarianism and anarchism are philosophies on opposites sides of the political continuum. Given the condition that totalitarianism is the belief that government should have unlimited power, which of the following options is a central concern of the philosophy of anarchism?

Freedom

Which political ideology is premised on the belief that government should allow people to pursue their preferred lifestyles?

Liberalism

Which of the following choices is a liberal more likely to support than a conservative?

Approving the use of power to promote equality

Which two political ideologies might agree that supporting uninhibited and fully funded police action are a part of maintaining social order?

Conservatives and communitarians

Which of the following best describes the idea of social order?

Established patterns of authority in society and traditional modes of behavior

Which two ideologies oppose government activities such as affirmative action because they interfere with the market?

Libertarians and conservatives

For the Articles of Confederation to be amended, it required the approval of how many states?

All thirteen members

At the Constitutional Convention, the Founders agreed to a Congress consisting of

legislature.

a bicameral

What was one of the disturbances that proved difficult to resolve under the Articles of Confederation that pushed the Founders to form a Constitutional Convention?

Shay’s Rebellion

What are the first ten amendments of the Constitution called?

Bill of Rights

What portion of the states are needed to ratify an amendment to the Constitution?

Three-fourths

Which was the one amendment passed directly by three-fourths of the states and not in Congress?

Twenty-first Amendment

How many amendments have made it through the process to get adopted into the Constitution?

27

For a presidential veto to be overridden by Congress, it requires the approval of

of both chambers.

two-thirds

In this news release, when Congress created a new version of the law in response to a Supreme Court ruling, it was attempting to avoid

Judicial review

In what ways can Congress check the power of the executive?

Impeachment and removal

Failing to confirm appointments

Overriding vetoes

Why were the Sons of Liberty formed in the colonies?

The group was formed to protest and destroy items being taxed by the British.

The principles underlying the Declaration of Independence were rooted in the writings of which philosopher?

John Locke

The idea of consent on the part of those who are governed is derived from which concept?

Social contract theory

Where is the power of government located in a republic?

With the elected representatives

What compact among the thirteen original colonies established the first government of the United States?

Articles of Confederation

Which plan, offered during the Constitutional Convention, suggested three branches of government and two houses in the legislature?

Virginia Plan

Which of the following options was a primary idea behind the New Jersey Plan

Give states with large and small populations equal representation

What were the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan both concerned with, but had different approaches to addressing?

Representation

When the Electoral College was created as the nation's official voting system, what fear related to the federal government was eliminated?

Fear of a popular vote controlled by the people

Which form of government is designed so that power resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives?

Republicanism

Why were the Framers skeptical that a republican government could be sustained?

A republic works best in small territories.

What is the division of power between a central government and regional governments, one that essentially creates two bodies of law?

Federalism

Which term describes what Congress relies upon in order to take action and execute its enumerated powers?

Implied powers

What belief was commonly shared by the Antifederalists?

The Constitution should not be ratified.

What did James Madison’s Federalist 10 argue that the new Constitution would do

Madison argued that the Constitution would break and control factions.

What is the main reason why Antifederalist states agreed to ratify the Constitution?

The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.

When thinking about the processes to amend the U.S. Constitution, which method has never been used before?

Proposing amendments during a national convention

What was created with the decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

Judicial review

What is the proportion of states that must support a constitutional amendment in order for it to be considered?

Three-fourths

Why is the brevity of the U.S. Constitution considered to be one of its greatest strengths?

It allows for interpretation that keeps changing with the times.

Which model of democracy best reflects the system of governance established by the U.S. Constitution?

Majoritarian

Which of the following was one of the main reasons the Articles of Confederation failed?

The articles could not be amended without the unanimous agreement of the Congress.

What did the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution do?

Expanded the right to vote

Which institution best captures the Framers’ desire to avoid a majoritarian model of democracy?

Electoral College

Which of the following statements accurately describes a system of government

While the national government may create regional governments in a unitary system, a single national government retains all the power.

A confederal system involves an alliance of relatively independent regional authorities.

If a government wanted to minimize the influence of subsidiary governments, it would be best served by establishing a unitary form of government.

True

Select from below a key factor in Federal systems.

A national government cannot abolish regional authorities.

Which of the following is an expressed power that the national government holds according to Article 1, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution?

Declare war

Regulate commerce

Collect taxes

Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution says that states get any powers not given to the national government?

Tenth Amendment

The necessary and proper clause in the U.S. Constitution, which describes implied powers, applies to what area of government?

Federal government

The Tenth Amendment delineates the powers given to states. What are some of the powers listed in that amendment?

Land use

Elections

Policing

According to the graph, most people want eligibility for Medicaid to be determined by

the federal government

Medicaid is considered an example of _______federalism because responsibility for the program is shared between state and federal governments.

cooperative

What is another name for “layer cake” federalism?

Dual federalism

In the context of federalism, what is the main difference between Medicaid and Medicare?

Medicare is funded solely by the federal government, and Medicaid is funded by both state and federal governments.

What was the Court’s ruling in McCullough v. Maryland?

The Court found that Congress had the right to establish a bank in Maryland and that the state had no right to tax that bank.

In U.S. v. Lopez, the Supreme Court ruled that a federal law banning firearms in school zones represented an unconstitutional application of the ______ Clause.

Commerce

What Supreme Court case found that the exclusion of same-sex couples from the right to marry violated the Fourteenth Amendment?

Obergefell v. Hodges

Which principle is in evidence when two or more governments exercise power and authority over the same people and the same territory

Federalism

In Federalist 10, James Madison wrote that the federal Constitution forms a happy combination of "great and aggregate" interests as well as "local and particular" interests. What did Madison’s words mean about how power is organized under the Constitution?

Power was meant to be exclusive or shared.

What is the elastic clause

A constitutional clause that gives Congress implied powers.

Which theory sums up the relationship between the national government and the states by giving the national government limited functions and only enumerated powers, while empowering the states as separate and sovereign spheres, building a wall between the two?

Dual federalism

What does the marble cake metaphor, with intermingled swirls and random mixtures, represent?

Cooperative federalism

Which type of government grant might be used to train technology instructors on how to teach coding?

Categorical grants

The superintendent of a disadvantaged school district is funded by a federal grant annually. The funds allocated to the school district are determined by a set of specific rules and calculations, such as the number of students in the district or the rate of poverty. Which type of federal grant does the superintendent need to apply for each year?

Formula