Studied by 21 people
define hematology
the study of blood
cell fragments are also known as...
cell platelets
t/f we use human blood to study the properties of blood
false... we used sheeps blood
what are whole cells?
red blood cells and white blood cells
what is a hematocrit?
the ratio of the volume of packed RBCs to the total blood volume.
t/f heparin is a coagulant
False.. heparin is a ANTI-coagulant
[this means heparin stops blood from clotting]
what is the hematocrit volume for males?
40-54%
what is the hematocrit volume for females?
37-47%
what are red blood cells also called?
erythrocytes
what is a hemocytometer and what does it do?
it is a special microscope slide that helps facilitate the counting of individual RBC's
what are hemoglobins?
they are the oxygen-carrying component of the red blood cells.
what are the three components of a hemoglobin?
protein + globin + 4 hemes = hemoglobin
what is a 'heme' and what does it do?
-it is a pigment molecule (gives blood it's red color) -each heme has 1 Fe molecule and can bind to 1 oxygen molecule
what is the function of hemoglobins?
it serves as a vesicle for oxygen to be transported around the body
what is it called when the oxygen-carrying capcity of the blood is reduced?
'anemia'
[think.. without hemoglobin, then is no iron (Fe)... anemic people need iron]
what is a hemoglobinometer?
a device that measures hemoglobin content
(Measured by quantifying the intensity of the red color of blood // bc hemoglobin gives blood its color)
what are the units of a hemoglobinometer?
grams of hemoglobin/ 100ml of blood (g/dL) OR grams percent (gm%)
what is the hemoglobin percentage in adults?
12gm% to 18gm%
what does MCV stand for and what does it do?
MCV = mean corpuscular volume and it measures the volume of an erythrocyte (aka RBG)
what is does MCHC stand for and what does it do?
MCHC= mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and it measures the concentration of hemoglobin
when used together, what do MCV and MCHC do?
help determine if someone is anemic.
Deficiency in what three things cause anemia?
Iron, Vitamin B12 and folic acid (B9)
what diseases cause anemia?
Bone marrow disease, hemolytic diseases (etc. sickle cell)
what is the formula for MCHC?
hemoglobin (g/dL) x 100 / hematocrit
what is the formula for MCV?
Hematocrit x 10 / RBC count (millions per mm3 blood)
what are the three different types of anemia?
Macrocytic, normocytic-normochromic, micro-hypochromic
describe macrocytic anemia
[mcv/mchc values and the cause of anemia]
MCV greater than 94 // MCHC is normal cause: folic acid (B9) and B12 deficiency
[think macro = lots]
describe normocytic-normochromic anemia
[mcv/mchc values and the cause of anemia]
MCV and MCHC are normal
causes: acute blood loss, hemolysis and/or bone marrow damage
describe microcytic anemia
[mcv/mchc values and the cause of anemia]
MCV and MCHC both low
Causes: inadequate iron
What causes blood clotting?
a complex array of chemical pathways and cellular activity
what are 'Antigens' and what do they do?
they are cell surface markers and they determine different blood types
What are the 4 blood types?
-A -B -O -AB
what is the term of when two different blood types combine and cause blood clots?
agglutination
name type types of antigens
-A -B -Rh
What antibody does Type A blood have?
Type A is Anti B
What antibody does Type B blood have?
anti-A
What antibody does Type O blood have?
anti-A AND anti-B
What antibody does Type AB blood have?
no antibody
[can accept any type of blood and is known as 'universal acceptor']
Where are full/empty tubes of blood disposed?
[soft, bleach or biohazard?]
soft
where are glass slides/pipettes disposed?
[soft, bleach or biohazard?]
bleach
where are Gauze, hemocue slides, and blood type trays disposed in?
[soft, bleach or biohazard?]
softs
where are large soft waste like gloves disposed in?
biohazard
where are diluted blood for RBC count disposed in?
chemical waste container in hood
what method is used to visualize and quantify different types of white blood cells?
white blood cell differential (WBC Differential)
the formula (Hb x 100)/hematocrit is used to determine what?
MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
which white blood cells can be identified by it's blue bi-lobed nucleus and large, red orange granules?
eosinophil
which dietary deficiency can lead to anemia?
B, C and D vitamins
what blood type is known as the universal acceptor?
type AB
t/f: in microcytic anemia, red blood cells are smaller than normal
true
[think micro = smaller]
which blood cells secrete histamines in inflammatory reactions?
basophil
t/f: the clumping reaction that occurs when there are incompatible blod types is called aggultination
True
what process keeps blood in the vessels by repairing breaks?
hemostasis
[think... hemo = blood, stasis= keeping normal]
what is another name for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
t/f: oxygen is transported in the blood
true
reduced oxygen caring capacity of the blood is called
anemia
t/f: the average red blood cell is called mean corpuscular volume
true
cell fragments are called what?
Platelets
what are the 5 types of white blood cells?
-Neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils -monocytes -lymphocytes
[think.... NELBM ('nelbum')]
Characteristics of Neutrophils
-multi-lobed nucleus -pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules -make up 50-70% of WBC
Characteristics of Eosinophils
-Bi-lobed -red cytoplasmic granules -make up 1-6% of WBC
Characteristics of Basophils
-bi-lobed nucleus -purplish-black cytoplasmic granules -make up .05% of WBC
Characteristics of Monocytes
-move from blood to tissues where they will then be called "marcophages" -large cells -kidney-shaped nucleus -pale cytoplasm
Characteristics of Lymphocytes
two kinds (b lymphocytes and T lymphocytes) -large spherical nucleus -thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm -small to medium sized cell
Function of Neutrophils
phagocytose bacteria
[phagocytose surround then destroy and then remove bacteria from blood]
Function of Eosinophils
Destroy parasites
[think E= eat, you consume parasites]
Function of Basophils
cause vasodilation
[think Baso =Vaso]
Function of Monocytes
phagocytose bacteria
Function of lymphocytes
B cells produce antibodies to bacteria and viruses. T cells attack infected cells and cancer cells
Oxygen binds to what specific thing in hemoglobins?
oxygen bonds to iron in hemoglobin
how many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin carry?
4
What cause hypochromic anemia to occur?
a decrease in iron
what does microcytic anemia cause and how does it occur?
causes smaller RBC [micro = smaller] -caused by decrease in iron
why is important o have enough iron in our diet?
hemoglobins can only function with iron
describe thrombin
enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin
Describe Fibrin
a protein that comprises threats in the blood clot
what is the difference between antigen and anti bodies?
antigens determine blood type and are on the the surface antibodies are inside the blood and respond to antigens
why is it dangerous to give a person with type A blood, type B blood
Type A blood has anti-B antibodies, thus making the blood aggluinate
Note 
Flashcard (48)