Chapter 9b: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

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16 Terms

1

pyruvate processing turns...

-2nd process of glycolysis
-turns pyruvate in acetyl CoA
-some electrons go to NADH
-electrons lost in pyruvate form product of CO2

<p>-2nd process of glycolysis<br>-turns pyruvate in acetyl CoA<br>-some electrons go to NADH<br>-electrons lost in pyruvate form product of CO2</p>

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2

pyruvate processing

matrix of mitochondria

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3

pyruvate dehydrogenase

-enzyme complex where pyruvate processing occurs
-located in mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotes
-located in cytosol of prokaryotes

<p>-enzyme complex where pyruvate processing occurs<br>-located in mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotes <br>-located in cytosol of prokaryotes</p>

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4

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

-catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
-energy is captured in NAD+ and in the thioester bond formed with Coenzyme A

<p>-catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate<br>-energy is captured in NAD+ and in the thioester bond formed with Coenzyme A</p>

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5

beta oxidation

-reaction that converts fatty acids to acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle by continuously breaking off carbons
-each cycle yields 1 NADH2, 1 NAD+, and acetyl CoA

<p>-reaction that converts fatty acids to acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle by continuously breaking off carbons<br>-each cycle yields 1 NADH2, 1 NAD+, and acetyl CoA</p>

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6

final electron acceptor is ETC

oxygen

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7

citric acid cycle

-metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide
-occurs within the matrix

<p>-metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide<br>-occurs within the matrix</p>

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8

in each citric acid cycle

-there are 5 dehydrogenase reactions
-1 substrate level phosphorylation
-2 molecules of acetyl CoA produce 3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 NADH2, and 1 GTP

<p>-there are 5 dehydrogenase reactions<br>-1 substrate level phosphorylation<br>-2 molecules of acetyl CoA produce 3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 NADH2, and 1 GTP</p>

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9

for each molecule of glucose oxidized...

-6 CO2
-4 ATP
-10 NADH and FADH2

<p>-6 CO2<br>-4 ATP<br>-10 NADH and FADH2</p>

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10

free energy

is reduced as glucose is oxidized

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11

molecules that carry most energy ranked

1.) NADH
2.) FADH2
3.) ATP

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12

mitochondrial electron transport chain

high-energy electrons allow H+ to be pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane from the matrix into the inter-membrane space until finally accepted by oxygen to produce water. CANT HAPPEN WITHOUT OXYGEN

<p>high-energy electrons allow H+ to be pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane from the matrix into the inter-membrane space until finally accepted by oxygen to produce water. CANT HAPPEN WITHOUT OXYGEN</p>

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13

ATP synthase

-energy released by H+ flow (down gradient) is used to make ATP
-process is Chemiosmosis
-ATP production is dependent on the proton motive force generated by the electrochemical gradient

<p>-energy released by H+ flow (down gradient) is used to make ATP<br>-process is Chemiosmosis<br>-ATP production is dependent on the proton motive force generated by the electrochemical gradient</p>

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14

most energy made in...

oxidative phosphorylation (ETC and ATP synthase)

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15

fermentation

-process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an ETC
-oxidizes NADH to NAD+ to continue glycolysis when no oxygen is available
-that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol(yeast) or lactic acid(animals)

<p>-process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an ETC<br>-oxidizes NADH to NAD+ to continue glycolysis when no oxygen is available<br>-that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol(yeast) or lactic acid(animals)</p>

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16

fermentation vs cellular respiration

-fermentation is less efficient than cellular respiration
-only 2 ATP produced in fermentation vs 30

<p>-fermentation is less efficient than cellular respiration<br>-only 2 ATP produced in fermentation vs 30</p>

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