Science Random Revision

sorry the punctuation is terrible and the topics are random

list an abiotic factor

weather (wind, temperature, sun, rain ect.), rocks, soil, salinity, PH or light intensity

a heterotroph is also known as…

consumers and decomposers

list an abiotic factor

weather (wind, temperature, sun, rain ect.), rocks, soil, salinity, PH or light intensity

a heterotroph is also known as…

consumers and decomposers

How does the biosphere store carbon?

all organisms are made of carbon, so plants and other living things

How does the hydrosphere store carbon?

carbon dioxide is dissolved to form carbonic acid which marine animals make shells from

How does the lithosphere store carbon?

in deposits of minerals and fossil fuels

How does the atmosphere store carbon?

in gases such as carbon dioxide

How are fossil fuels formed? What happens when organic matter decomposes?

when an organism decomposes its carbon is mostly deposited in the soil where it is compressed to form minerals such as marble and limestone and over millions of years the deposits can form fossil fuels

What is in the hydrosphere?

water as a liquid, solid and gas (water, ice and water vapour - a greenhouse gas)

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

mitochondria

equation for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water (uses the solar energy from sunlight) = sugar + oxygen

equation for aerobic respiration

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

What is cellular respiration?

also known as aerobic respiration Earth’s organisms undergo it to transform sugar and oxygen to energy

What is nuclear energy: how does it work?

nuclear energy is the splitting of uranium atoms to form heat, this heat warms water to create steam which turns turbines that then transfer energy.

What are the pros and cons of nuclear energy?

The pros are that it releases little carbon if any (it is green energy) but the cons are that it is dangerous, unpredictable and it produces toxic and harmful waste which is potentially radioactive

Which element is in Group 17 and Period 2 of the periodic table?

fluorine

List any two properties of ionic compounds.

ionic compounds have a high melting point and brittle

Write the chemical formula for lead chlorine

PbCl[2]

List an element that is silver, lustrous (shiny), malleable, conducts electricity, has a low density and is insoluble.

aluminium

Write the chemical formula for aluminium sulfate

Al[2](SO[4])[3]

Autosomes:

are found in pairs in humans, one inherited from the mother and the other from the father

What is non-disjunction?

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei

Write the dominant and recessive allele of an X-linked trait, then write the genotypes of a female individual who is heterozygous for this trait and a male individual who has the recessive trait.

dominant=X{A} recessive=X{a} fem=X{A}X{a} mal=X{a}Y{-}

A gene in camellia flowers determines colour. Homozygous red flowers were crossed with homozygous white flowers. All the offspring had pink petals. Name the type of inheritance at the gene

incomplete dominance

What are the layers of the atmosphere (bottom to top)

troposphere (higher oxygen concentration top Mount Everest colder as you go up, stratosphere (thinner where UV light is blocked, has ozone layer), mesosphere (thick enough to break space matter), thermosphere (absorbs harmful radiation), exosphere (almost space, no life)