Biology 2201 Unit 2

Cell membrane

separates what goes in and out of the cell

Cytoplasm

the site of chemical reactions in the cell

Nucleus

control center of the cell, makes DNA

Nucleolus

makes ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

transports nutrients from one part of the cell to another, composed of two parts

Rough ER

Makes protein

Smooth ER

creates lipids

Ribosomes

creates protein

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

Vesicle

small container used for storage and transportation

golgi apparatus

processes proteins by the ER and packages them for transport

Vacuole

stores food, water and minerals

Lysosomes

organelle that contains enzymes that digest macromolecules

Cell Wall

provides support and protection

Chloroplast

the site of photosynthesis

abiogenesis

the idea that living organisms can arise from non living matter

biogenesis

the idea that living organisms can only come from other living things

compound light microscope

uses light which must be transmitted through an object, specimens therefore must be transparent

transmission electron microscope

the beam of electrons goes inside the cell

scanning electron microscope

the electrons scan the outside of the object

resolution/ resolving power

the ability of the eye, or another instrument, to distinguish between two objects that are close together

magnification

multiply the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective lens in place

field of view

the area you see when looking down a microscope

paradigm

pattern that we follow

paradigm shift

change in the way that we think

prokaryotes

no membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles ex. bacteria

eukaryotes

have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles ex. plant or animal

hydrophilic

substances made of polar molecules or ions so they dissolve in water

hydrophobic

describes substance made of non-polar molecules so they do not dissolve in water

biochemistry

the brach of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms

macromolecules

larger more complex assemblies of organic molecules

carbohydrates

macromolecules that always contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

monosaccharides (simple sugars)

monomers of carbohydrates

polysaccharides

complex carbohydrates consisting of many simple sugars linked together

lipids

macromolecules that do not dissolve in water

proteins

macromolecules made up of peptides created when more than one amino acid join up

monomers

Building blocks of macromolecules

denaturation

when the shape of a protein is changed so much that it can no longer function and it cannot be brought back to its normal shape

water

most abundant molecule in any cell. Acts as a carrier for dissolved molecules inside and outside of the cell, is needed for cellular processes

ATP: adenosine triphosphate

main energy source in animal cells. Currency that our cells need for energy

chemical elements found in living systems

C, H, O, N

chemical compounds found in living systems

H2O, C6H12O6

glucose

what our red blood cells and brain need