Computer Science Principles Exam

3.5 Binary to ASCII Conversion

Algorithm

A finite set of instructions that accomplish a specific task 

Sequencing

The application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the code statements are given 

Selection

Determines which parts of an algorithm are executed based on a condition being true or false 

Iteration

A repeating portion of an algorithm 

Visual Programming Language

A programming language that uses graphical blocks or elements to create programs.

Textual Programming Language

A programming language that uses written code (text) to create programs.

State Space

The space of potential possibilities

Fixed-Width Encoding

A character encoding system where every character is represented using the same number of bits or bytes. 

Variable-Width Encoding

A character encoding scheme that uses codes of different lengths to represent characters 

Audio Compression

The process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. 

Bandwidth

The maximum data transfer capacity of a network.

Usability of Data

If data can be used

Usefulness of Data

If someone wants to use data

Data Persistence

The ability of data to remain intact and accessible even after deleting the source. 

Distributed

A system where processing and data storage are distributed across multiple devices or systems

Fault Tolerant

When a system can support failures and still continue to function. 

Scalable

More devices can be added to the network with no problems.

Redundant

The inclusion of extra components that can be used to mitigate the failure of a system if other components fail. 

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of a system.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A database that maps a URL (or web address) into an IP Address 

Packets

Block of data transmitted across a network 

World Wide Web Origin

Created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 for sharing linked documents.

HTML

A protocol that dictates how the content of a web page should be arranged and displayed by the client application, i.e., the web browser. (Hypertext Markup Language) 

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol; ensures reliable data transmission.

IP

A set of rules that governs how data is sent and received over the internet, ensuring that information reaches the correct destination. 

SSL

Secure Sockets Layer; encrypts internet connections.

TLS

Transport Layer Security; modern protocol securing data online.

HTTP

Protocol for requesting and receiving linked resources from across the Web. 

Client

Device or program requesting resources or services.

Server

Device or program providing resources or services.

Digital Divide

Differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics.