Neuro Lecture: "Overall Organization of the Nervous System"

Story of Phineas Gage

impaled by a 13-pound railroad spike through his orbit and frontal lobe. Suffered a negative effect on his personality

what does the central nervous system consist of?

brain, brainstem, spinal cord with tracts, nuclei, and neuropil

what are the three major types of myelnated fiber tracts

associational, commissural, projectional

What is a collection of cell bodies in the CNS called?

Nuclei

what is an entanglement of axons and dendrites called?

neuropil

What does the PNS consist of

nerves, ganglia, plexuses

what is a collection of cell bodies in the PNS called?

Ganglia

what is an entanglement of nerve fibers called?

plexus

true/false: afferent neurons are sensory neurons

true

efferent neurons are responsible for what?

motor response

how many cranial nerve pairs are there?

12

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

31

which plane divides the brain vertically with equal halves left and right

median

which plane divides the brain vertically with unequal parts left and right

parasagittal

which plane is perpendicular to the median plane with anterior and posterior portions

coronal (frontal)

which plane divides the brain into top and bottom

horizontal

term referring to parts that are closer to the nose

rostral

term referring to closer to the tail

caudal

gray matter contains _____ fiber tracts

unmyelinated

white matter contains ______ fiber tracts

myelinated

which horn of the spinal cord touches the outer portion?

posterior/dorsal horn

which horn of the spinal cord does not touch the outer region and stays within the central portion

anterior/ventral

nerves in the PNS are _____ to the CNS

tracts

another word for crossing

decussation

term for bundle of fibers in the CNS

fasciculus

affectors ______ while effectors _______

receive, respond

what are the two divisions of the sensory division of the nervous system

somatic sensory, visceral sensory

what are the two divisions of the motor division of the nervous system

somatic motor and autonomic motor

what are the three involuntary effectors

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

visceral sensory division receives information from…

organs and blood vessels

somatic sensory receives information from

skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscle, and special senses

what is the only organ that the somatic motor division innervates

skeletal muscle

autonomic motor division innervates

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands (involuntary effectors)

lower motor neurons of the somatic nervous system go directly from the brainstem to skeletal muscle (while/without) crossing a synapse

without

how many cervical pairs of spinal nerves

8

How many thoracic pairs of spinal nerves

12

How many lumbar pairs of spinal nerves

5

how many sacral pairs of spinal nerves

5

how many coccygeal pairs of spinal nerves

1