204 Week 5 Self and Identity

What is the self made up of? (3 things)

Self-concept, self-schema, identity

Self-concept

the overall set of beliefs people have about themselves

Self-schema

the mental frameworks we use to store information or descriptions about ourselves

Identity

how we view ourselves

Self-other accuracy

The degree to which individuals accurately perceive their own traits compared to how others perceive them.

Self-perception bias

The tendency for individuals to form inaccurate views of themselves

Self-presentation

How individuals attempt to control the impressions others form about them.

Self-promotion

Motivated to create, maintain and promote a favourable image of ourself 

Self-verification

Processes we use to lead others to agree with our own self-views. 

Ingratiation

Using flattery or praise to make oneself more likeable.

Self-deprecating

Imply we are bad at things by lowering an audience’s expectation 

Affective forecasting

the process by which individuals predict their future emotional states in response to specific events or experiences

Observer’s standpoint

viewing oneself from a third-person perspective.

What is social identity theory?

Highlights how group memberships shape self-concept, behavior, attitudes, and well-being

Personal-social identity continuum

Represents a spectrum where identity shifts between personal and social aspects, depending on context and salience.

Salience

The part of our identity that is the focus of our attention in a given context. 

Social comparison theory

Individuals evaluate their own opinions, abilities, and behaviours by comparing themselves to others.

Self-evaluation maintenance theory

Explains how people maintain self-esteem through comparisons, feeling threatened by others' successes in close relationships

Stereotype threat

when individuals fear confirming a negative stereotype about their social group or believe they might be judged due to a negative stereotype. 

Effect of positive talk on high self-esteem condition

Maintain or increase self-esteem

Effect of positive talk on low self-esteem condition

No effect

What are the 3 types of comparison in social comparison theory?

Lateral, upward and downward

What is the accentuation effect?

You accentuate similarities with ingroup and exaggerate dissimilarities with outgroup

What is depersonalisation?

You see self and others as interchangeable group members

What is “basking in reflected glory”?

Positive group evaluations become positive self-evaluations