World War 1 quest 2

entente

entente

nonbinding agreement to follow common policies

militarism

glorification of the military

ultimatum

final set of demands

mobilize

prepare military forces for war

neutrality

policy of supporting neither side in a war

Pan-Slavism

a Russian sponsored form of nationalism that believes all Slavic people share a common nationality

stalemate

deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other

zeppelin

large gas filled balloon

U-boat

German submarine

convoy

group of merchant ships protected by warships

genocide

deliberate and systematic killing of people who belong to a particular radical, ethnic, religious or cultural group

total war

channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort

conscription

“the draft” which required all young men to be ready for military or other service

contraband

during wartime, military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies that may legally be confessed by any belligerent

propaganda

spreading if ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause

atrocity

horrible act committed against innocent people

Lusitania

British liner torpedoed by a German submarine in May 1915

Fourteen points

list of terms for resolving WWI and future was outlined by American President Woodrow Wilson in January 1918

self-determination

right of people to choose their own form of government

armistice

agreement to end fighting in a war

pandemic

spread of a disease across a large area, country, continent, or the entire world

reparation

payment for war damage or damage caused by imprisonment

radicals

one who favors extreme changes

pacifist

someone opposed to all war

collective security

system in which a group of nations acts as one to persevere the peace of all

mandates

after World War I, a territory administered by a western power

The Final Offensives and Germany asks for Peace

March 1918 - Germany launches a huge offensive on the western front

allies launched a counteroffensive which slowly drove Germany back

Kaiser stepped down in early November and fled into exile in the Netherlands

Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire were declining and asking for peace

Germany made an armistice with the allies

The Human Toll

8.5 million died in the war

more than 2x that were wounded

6 million civilians died from the war

Economic Toll

In battle zones, homes, farms, factories, roads, and churches from France to Russia were destroyed

In Europe, the cost of reconstruction and paying off huge war debts was a burden

people were bitter about the war

the defeated territories were blamed for the war by the Allies and had to pay reparations

the Central Powers looked for others to blame

Political toll

Under stress governments collapsed in Russia, Germany , Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire

Colonial troops returned home with a more cynical view of Europeans and renewed hope for independence

political radicals dreamed of building a new social order from the chaos

conservatives warned against the spread of communism

Allied Goals

allies met at paris peace conference (ppc) to discuss the fate of Europe

the central powers and russia were not allowed to take part in the negotiations

“big 3” - Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, George Clemenceau - they lead the PPC

at the ppc the most difficult issues were secret agreements made by allies

many people who had been ruled by Russia, Ottoman Empire, + Austria-Hungary now demanded nations states of their own

Wilson stood firm on his goal of creating internation league of nations

American Genocide

Christians were a minority group mostly in Muslim Ottoman Empire

Ottomans claim Armenians are traitors because they allied with Russia and order their deportation

How do countries enact total war

goods like food were rationed so soldiers on the front could have enough

women were encouraged to work in war time industries

Economic shift to wartime production

countries like Britain formed blockades to prevent goods from getting in to Germany

which type of military technology played the largest role in creating the long stalemate in the trenches on the western front

machine guns

best describes the concept of “total war” in WWI

propaganda campaigns encouraged people to ration food

why were posters necessary to the U.S. war effort

the U.S. entered the war late and had to mobilize quickly

economic reparation

Germany wad forced to assume complete responsibility for financial reparations

The chief goal of the league of nations was to

prevent future wars

the american refugees were fleeing from

attempted genocide by the ottoman turks

what role did women play i the war effort during WWI

they worked in war industries, manufacturing weapons and supplies