Unit 6 overview

Social Gospel Movement

A religious movement that emerged in the late 19th century aimed at applying Christian ethics to social problems, particularly issues like poverty, inequality, and labor exploitation.

Florence Kelley

A social and political reformer who played a key role in advocating for labor rights, particularly for women and children, and was instrumental in establishing child labor laws.

Francis Willard

An American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffrage advocate known for her leadership in the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

Carrie Nation

A radical member of the temperance movement, known for her direct action and the use of a hatchet to destroy bar furniture in her campaign against alcohol.

WCTU (Women's Christian Temperance Union)

An organization founded in 1874 that worked to combat alcohol consumption and promote temperance through education and advocacy.

Upton Sinclair

An American writer and social reformer, best known for his novel 'The Jungle,' which exposed the hazardous conditions of the meatpacking industry.

Jacob Riis

A social reformer and journalist who used photography and reported on the living conditions of the urban poor, notably in New York City.

Ida Tarbell

A pioneering investigative journalist whose work addressed corporate monopolies, particularly her exposure of the Standard Oil Company.

Margaret Sanger

A birth control activist and sex educator known for founding the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A leader of the early women's rights movement in the United States and a key organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848.

Susan B. Anthony

A prominent social reformer and women's rights activist who played a crucial role in the women’s suffrage movement.

WEB Dubois

An African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist, co-founder of the NAACP, known for advocating for African American equality and higher education.

Booker T. Washington

An African American educator, author, and advisor to multiple presidents, known for his advocacy of vocational education and economic self-help.

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

A civil rights organization formed in 1909, aimed at fighting for the equality of African Americans and combating racial discrimination.

Marcus Garvey

A Jamaican political leader and activist who promoted black nationalism and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).

Initiative

A process that allows citizens to propose legislation or constitutional amendments and vote on them directly.

Referendum

A direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal and can result in the adoption of new laws.

Governor Bob LaFollette

A progressive politician known for implementing reforms in the Wisconsin Idea, focusing on governmental and social reforms.

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

A regulatory agency in the United States created in 1887 to regulate the railroad industry and its monopolistic practices.

16th Amendment

The constitutional amendment ratified in 1913 that allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states.

17th Amendment

The constitutional amendment ratified in 1913 that established the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.

18th Amendment

The constitutional amendment ratified in 1919 that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors.

19th Amendment

The constitutional amendment ratified in 1920 that granted women the right to vote.