HESI A&P Test 2

Which of the following best describes the primary function of hemoglobin?

• Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

• Engages in the process of phagocytosis

• Detects increases in carbon dioxide and decreases in oxygen in the blood

• Regulates balance and thermoregulation

Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral valve?

• Lets blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

• Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

• Lets blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium

• Lets blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium

Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest muscular wall?

• Left ventricle

• Left atrium

• Right ventricle

• Right atrium

Left ventricle

Which organ is responsible for most of the nutrient absorption in the body?

• Gall bladder

• Small intestine

• Large intestine

• Stomach

Small intestine

How does serotonin affect the body?

• It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

• It stimulates the uterine muscles to contract during childbirth and promotes lactation.

• It helps to regulate motivation, euphoria, and fine motor function.

• It helps to regulate urine output and maintains osmolarity.

It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?

• Frontal

• Sagittal

• Transverse

• Coronal

Sagittal

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

• Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are stored in and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.

• Growth of pubic and axillary hair is induced by testosterone and estrogen.

• The adrenal glands secrete cortisol and aldosterone.

• The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland."

The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland." (pituitary)

Which of the following is located in the thoracic cavity?

• The small intestine

• The mediastinum

• The urinary and reproductive organs

• The adrenal glands

The mediastinum

Which of the following is a molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction for all organisms?

• DNA

• RNA

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

DNA

What is the function of the sebaceous glands?

• To secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film to lubricate the eye.

• To secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to regulate body temperature.

• To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

• To secrete earwax to protect the ear from bacteria and viruses.

To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

Which of the following muscles pulls a body part away from the midline of the body?

• Flexors

• Extensors

• Abductors

• Adductors

Abductors

A patient complains of decreased sensation in the distal part of their arm and an inability to adduct and abduct their fingers. Based on these symptoms, which nerve is most likely compromised?

• Tibial

• Femoral

• Olfactory

• Ulnar

Ulnar

Which part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information?

• Frontal lobe

• Temporal lobe

• Parietal lobe

• Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

Which of the following options correctly lists the layers of the epidermis from the most superficial to the deepest layer?

• Stratum germinativum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum

• Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum, stratum corneum

• Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

• Stratum germinativum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body?

• Epithelial tissue

• Connective tissue

• Muscle tissue

• Nervous tissue

Connective tissue

Where is the tibialis anterior located?

• The back of the lower extremities

• The back of the upper extremities

• The front of the upper extremities

• The front of the lower extremities

The front of the lower extremities

In which of the following reproductive structures does the fertilization of an ovum occur?

• Endometrium

• Fallopian tube

• Corpus luteum

• Uterus

Fallopian tube

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter B.

• Right ventricle

• Left ventricle

• Right atrium

• Left atrium

Left atrium

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory system?

• Bronchi

• Trachea

• Lungs

• Pharynx

Pharynx

The elbow is what type of joint?

• Ball-and-socket

• Hinge

• Planar

• Pivot

Hinge

A patient complaining of pain in their sternum reveals that they were recently in a mild car accident. Which of the following structures may have been injured in the accident?

• Fontanelle

• Vastus lateralis

• Xiphoid process

• Vomer

Xiphoid process

The malleus, incus, and stapes are bones found in the _________.

• Leg

• Neck

• Ear

• Arm

Ear

Which important minerals are stored within the skeletal system?

• Calcium and phosphorous

• Calcium and iron

• Calcium and carbon

• Calcium and sodium

Calcium and phosphorous

Which type of connection do ligaments create?

• Bone to bone

• Muscle to muscle

• Muscle to organ

• Muscle to bone

Bone to bone

Urine travels from the kidney to the urinary bladder through which structure?

• Ureter

• Nephron

• Urethra

• Collecting ducts

Ureter