BY 202- Quiz 4 Lymphatic System(Chapter16)

Lymphatic System

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.

Secondary Circulatory System

The enlarged regions of the lymphatic vessels are known as

Referring to the lymphatic system

lymph nodes

Lymph nodes contain B and T cells true or false?

True

Lymphocytes

Are a type of white blood cell that contain B and T fighter cells.

What are the two major groups of leukocytes?

granulocytes and agranulocytes

leukocytes

White blood cells involved in immune response.

Agranulocytes include what kind of white blood cells?

lymphocytes and monocytes

Granulocytes include which kinds of white blood cells?

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Lymphatic cells transport excess fluid away from the interstitial spaces in most tissues and return it to the bloodstream. True or false

True

Why does the lymphatic system need to transport excess fluid away from the interstitial spaces?

so the fluid will not accumulate in the tissue spaces

Lymphatic capillaries are

microscopic closed ended tubes that extend into the interstitial spaces forming complex networks that are parallel to the blood capillaries throughout the body.

How many layers are lymphatic vessels composed of?

3 Layers

Where do the larger lymphatic vessels lead?

to specialized organs called lymph nodes, after this these vessels merge into lager lymphatic trunks.

Lymphatic Trunks function:

to drain lymph from the lymphatic vessels is the function of what in the lymphatic system?

Locations of the lymph nodes:

-Cervical region

-Axillary region

-Supratrochlear region

- Inguinal region

-Pelvic cavity

-Abdominal cavity

-Thoracic cavity

What are thymocytes?

immature T cells

T cells leave the thymus and provide_____. Epithelial cells in the ______ secrete hormones called ______ which stimulate ration of T lymphocytes.

1. immunity

2. thymus

3. thymosins

thymosins stimulate

ration of T lymphocytes

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

the spleen

pathogens

disease causing agents

adaptive defense

a specific response by the immune system to a given pathogen

What are examples of mechanical barriers?

Passageways in the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems create ________ barriers.

A reaction that provides localized redness and swelling, heat, and pain is called?

Inflammation

Examples of chemical barriers are what?

Gastric juice, tears,

Enzymes in the body provide _______ barrier to pathogens.

chemical

Defesins

are small proteins that are antibiotic/antimicrobial; found in the mucous of the Nasal conchae

collections

are proteins that provide broad protection against bacteria, yeasts, and some viruses.

Complements

is a group or proteins that are located

Secondary Immune Response

Immune response after the body has already been exposed to a specific antigen. Response is faster, of greater magnitude, and more prolonged.

Primary Immune Response

Immune response the first time the body is exposed to a particular antigen. Does not peak until 10-17 days after exposure.

naturally acquired active immunity

exposure to live pathogens resulting in stimulation of an immune response with symptoms of a disease.

artificially acquired active immunity

this is through the mechanism of exposure with a vaccine that contains weakened or dead pathogens or their components resulting in stimulation of an immune response without symptoms of a disease.

naturally acquired passive immunity

antibodies passed to fetus from pregnant woman with active immunity or to a newborn through breast milk or colostrum from a woman with active immunity

artificially acquired passive immunity

injection of an antiserum containing specific antitoxins to result in short-term immunity without stimulating an immune response.

Type IV(Delayed reaction)

T cells and macrophages release chemical facts into the skin, an example of this is dermatitis, Mantoux for TB.

Type 3( immune complex reaction)

Phagocytosis and lysis cannot clear antigen-antibody complexes; and example of this is autoimmunity

Tissue rejection reaction

immune system produces antibodies against transplanted tissue

Isograft

is a transplant which comes from an identical twin; example of this is a bone marrow transplant from a healthy twin to an unhealthy twin who has leukemia

allograft

is a same species transplant

kidney transplant is from a relative or closely matched Donner

Xenograft

is a different species transplants, an example is heart valves or parts of a kidney from a pig

autoimmunity

reaction of immune response to one's own tissues

autoantibodies

Antibodies produced against self-antigens

antigen presenting cells

dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells

MHC 2

found on certain immune cells, used to present foreign antigens to WBC

takes in the bacteria

proliferates

something that grows, advances, or multiplies rapidly

Helper T cell releases

IL-2

cytokines

Chemicals released by the immune system communicate with the brain.

Hypersensitivity reactions

Excessive response to primary or secondary effect of drug

Type 1 hypersensitivity

is commonly called and allergy and the antigens that trigger allergic responses are called allergens.

tissue rejection reaction

immune system produces antibodies against transplanted tissue

autoantibodies

the immune system can fail to distinguish self from non self, producing antibodies

Haptens

antigens too small to provoke immune responses; attach to carrier molecules

allergic reactions result from

mast cells burning and releasing allergy mediators such as histamine, chemicals cause allergy symptoms such as hives, hay fever, skin irritations(atopic dermatitis). These reactions can sometimes cause decreased BP or difficulty in breathing.

innate immunity is

the type of immunity that you are born with it protects you against pathogens, and gives you a general defense.

Adaptive Immunity is

the type of immunity that gives you specific defenses, builds antigens, and protects the body against pathogens.

innate immunity examples

chemical barriers, increasing phagocytes, collecting(proteins that are protective), complement( group of proteins inside plasma, natural killer cells, phagocytosis, fever, and interleukins.

species resistance

natural ability of one type of organism to resist infection by pathogens that cause disease in another type of organism

1st line of defense

mechanical barriers

2nd line of defense

all or nonspecific defenses

third line of defense

is resistance to specific types of pathogens due to their toxins or metabolic by products.

inflammation

a tissues response to injury that helps prevent the spread of infectious agents into nearby tissues.

phagocytosis

"cell eating" engulfing large particles

fever

elevated body temperature

Natural killer cells are a small population of lymphocytes that provide adaptive defense mechanisms. NK cells provide defense against viruses and cancer cells by perforating the cell (perforins).

true

Roles of lymphatic capillaries

-Absorption of dietary fats

-Return small proteins with help of osmotic pressure

-collect and deliver excess fluid(prevents edema)

- Deliver foreign particles (bacteria)

hydrostatic pressure

the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

Monocytes and macrophages constitute the mononuclear phagocytic system true or false.

true

Collectins are apart of innate defense and they are proteins that provide broad protection faints bacteria, yeasts and some viruses. They also detect sugar molecules.

true

lymphocytes and fibroblasts produce interferons which are proteins that are produced to respond to tumor cells or viruses. true or false.

true

defensins are produced by neutrophils and other types of granular white blood cells, defensins are peptides. true or false

true