Glycolysis Quiz

Cellular respiration

Oxidation into two types of energy - ATP and heat, exothermic reaction that releases energy

Catabolism

Breakdown of large, complex molecules to provide energy for smaller molecules, such as the oxidation of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Anabolism

Reactions that use ATP energy to build larger molecules for muscle contraction, transport, and synthesis of cellular compounds

Metabolite

Reactants/products of a metabolic reaction

Photosynthesis

Endothermic reaction, requires lots of energy to occur

Purpose of catabolism

Degrade food molecules into building blocks so they can be degraded into CO2, H2O, and ATP

Energy is harvested and stored where

The bonds of ATP, which is the energy currency of cells

If glucose is the starting material of glycolysis, it requires the breakage of

2 ATP bonds

If glycogen is the starting material of glycolysis, it requires the breakage of 

1 ATP bond

Glycolysis is a pathway for … and includes … steps which are catalyzed by …

Carbohydrate catabolism, 10, enzymes

Products of glycolysis

4 ATP (2 net for glucose, 3 net for glycogen), 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

If O2 is present, the pyruvate are used for

Degradation of glucose into CO2, H2O, and more ATP

NADH must be … so glycoysis can continue

Reoxidized

Step 6 includes the rexodiation of

NADH into NAD+, this is the limiting reagent

2 ATPS are used in steps 1 and 3 to

Prime glucose for splitting

What are intermediates in step 4?

Fructose 1,6 - bipphosphate, dihydroxyacteonephosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

NADH is formed at which step

Step 6

The two ATP are formed at steps

7 and 10

2 pyruvates are produced at step

10

When conditions are anearobic, the 2 pyruvate can be fermented into

2 ethanol and 2 CO2 OR 2 Lactates

Fermentation is used for what

To regenerate and reoxidize NADH back into NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

The Cori Cycle occurs when

Oxygen levels increase after strenuous exercise stops

Lactate is produced during anaerobic glycolysis in … where it is delivered to … and oxidized back into …

Skeletal muscle, the liver, pyruvate

In the cori cycle, glucose is carried back for

Immediate use to produce energy, or stored in muscle tissue as glycogen

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar

Glycogensis

Synthesis of glycogen

Gluconeogensiss

Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as AA, lactate, and glycerol

Glycogenolysis

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Renal threshold

Amount over which a substance (glucose) is spilled into the urine

Insulin

Decreases blood sugar by allowing glucose to eneter cells, made in beta cells of the pancreas

Glucagon

Increases blood sugar and breaksdown glycogen into glucose, made in alpha cells of the pancreas

Eepinephrine/adrenaline

Increases blood sugar to muscles

Diabetes mellitus

Abnormal carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism

Diabetes type I

Insulin dependent, usually little insulin made

Diabetes type II

Non-insulin dependent, insulin is made but it doesn’t work

Diagnostic testing

Taste test, dipstick for reducing sugars, glucose tolerance, blood glucose monitering

To decrease blood sugar levels…

Increase glycogen, fat storage, and urine output