Bio Unit 3 Quiz

Robert Hooke

observed first cells in slice of cork and came up with the term

Cell Theory

1. All things are made of cells

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things

3. All need cells come from pre-existing cells

Plasma Membrane

outer part of cell

-separates cell from environment

-lets things in and out

Region of DNA

all cells start life with DNA-needed for survival and reproduction

Cytoplasm

jellylike mixture that fills cells

Phospholipid bilayer

part of plasma membrane

-head is polar and hydrophilic

-tail is non polar and hydrophobic

Prokaryotes

ex (bacteria and archea)

-small and simple/unicellular

-has nucleoid for DNA

Eukaryotes

-protists

-larger and complex

-unicellular or multicellular

-Nucleus is where DNA is

Nuclear pore

how DNA snd other molecules enter and exit

nucleoplasm

like cytoplasm, but inside nucleus (where DNA is)

Nucleus function

stores and protects DNA and allows access to it

Cytoskeleton

-protein that provides structure and support for cell

-provides transport within cell

lysosomes

sacks within cells that break down nutrients and waste

Vacuoles

water storage (plant cells only)

Vesicles

sacks that store and transport materials

Ribosomes

synthesize (make) proteins

Rough endoplasmic Reticulum

makes proteins/final product

Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum

makes lipids

Golgi Bodies

modify, sort, and package proteins for transport inside and outside the cell

Chloroplast

take solar energy and covert it to chemical energy (photosynthesis for plants)

Mitochondria

-powerhouse of cell

-convert chemical energy to useable energy for the cell

Cell wall

shapes, supports, and protects the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

makes lipids

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

makes ribosomes

Vesicles

transport cellular components and storage

Lysosomes

have enzymes that breakdown macromolecules and warn out cell parts

Centrioles

help with cell division

Nucleoid

coil of DNA floating in cytoplasm 

Prokaryotic cells

-smaller and simple

-unicellular

-nucleiod for DNA

Ex: bacteria and archea

Eukaryotic Cell

-larger and complex

-unicellular or multicellular

-has nucleus

-membrane bound organelle

Ex: protists/”you”

Phospholipid Bilayer

makes up cell membrane

-head is polar and hydrophilic

-tail is nonpolar and hydrophobic

Passive transport

-no energy needed (with the current)

-high to low concentration

Active Transport

-energy needed (against current)

-low to high concentration

Nonpolar and small (O2 and CO2)

pass through without help slower

Polar, large, has charge (amino acids and ions)

passes through with help faster

Diffusion

-high to low (passive)

-equilibrium and no net movement

ex: phospholipid membrane

facilitated diffusion

-high to low concentration (passive) through protein channel (with help of carrier proteins)

Osmosis

water crossing cell membrane

-high to low concentation (passive)

-very slow

-helped by protein channel Aqua Porin

Molecular transport

-low to high concentration (active)

-through a protein channel

Endocytosis

-(active transport) movement of particles into cell (vesicle is created)

Three Types of Passive Transport

Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis

Three Types of Active Transport

Molecular Transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis

Exocytosis

(active transport) movement of particles out of the cell (vesicle is released)

Hypertonic Osmosis

[High Solute] outside cell (in solution)

Hypotonic Osmosis

[low solute] outside cell (in solution)

Isotonic Osmosis

equal solute concentration outside and inside cell