NASWA/Sub Saharan Africa/South Asia

Geopolitics

Control over a strategically important space and the influence of geography on political power and international relations.

Monroe Doctrine 1

Keep Europeans out of the Americas

Monroe Doctrine 2

Let the USA do what it sees fit with the Americas (colonization)

Industrialization=

Europeanization

Europeanization =

Modernization

NASWA is the most strategically important place in the world because

Lots of natural oil and the majority of OPEC’s countries are in NASWA

Stagflation

Prices rise in a declining economy

White Revolution

Plan that failed in Iran, from 1963 to 1978, the Shah of Iran tried to modernize by building roads/new farming practices/etc

Kohmeni

Came after the Shah and started a religious revivalist movement

Carter Doctrine

Geopolitical statement by the US that some places are more equal than others, with the Persian Gulf being the most Equal

Neocolonialism

Newly independent countries that are under control of another country in some way

OPEC

Cooperatively determines how much oil to produce and collectively bargains for the price of oil

Theocracy

Religion runs the political establishment, they become the gov’t

Dubai’s modernization reflects

Scenes of American landscapes

Americanization

Industrialization in he 21st century/ modern Europeanization

Nation

A group of people that share a common culture, believe they belong in the same homeland, and share a common language.

State

Territory run by institutions

Nationalism

Ideology that state and nation should occupy the same space, and the belief that one nationality is supreme and should be universal

Nation-State

Homogeneous population

Multinational State

Multiple nations within a state, the most common state

Multi-state Nation

National group is in control of at least 1 state, but it spills beyond the border of that state into other areas (Russia)

Stateless Nation

Nation resides within a state but has no control over it (Palestinians, Catalans,Kurds)

Irredentism

Gov’t lays claim to a territory because it contains a number of people who belong to that state- the spatial logic of nationalism

Choke Point

a narrow passage to another region, such as a canal, valley, or bridge

Homogenize/Assimilate

Merge nations into one by merging them into one cultural aspect

Cession

Divide up a state so portions of it belong to each nation

Devolution

Give nations some political power/ make them self governing

Iraq dealt with the Kurds by

Devolution

The Velvet Revolution

Peaceful cession between Czechia and Slovakia

Straight lines of Africa’s states are due to

Europenaization of the continent

Colonialism

The control of a territory by a group and colonial policies

Commodities

Easily sold raw materials/agricultural goods

Failed state

Deteriorated govt’s that is no longer functional

Dual Economy

Commercial agriculture is practiced alongside traditional agriculture

The Daurfur issue is an example of

Conflicts within a multinational state

Medical Revolution

Let Europeans stay in Africa longer (pasteurization, germ theory, etc)

Superimposed Boundaries

The straight lines in Africa/ higher power forcing boundaries onto a location (due to Berlin Conference)

An example of geopolitics

is Europe gaining control over Africa for resources

African Transition Zone

Islam in the North and Christianity/Animism in the South

Forward Capital in

Nigeria to create a religiously neutral area in the middle of the country

Monsoon

Changing seasonal winds that lead to changes in precipitation

Orthographic precipitation

Physical barriers that form air masses that rise and condense into rain (Western Ghats)

Rain Shadow

Gobi desert and the Tibetan Plateau

Sharia Law

Imposing Islamic law in an area, even onto those who don’t practice

Summer monsoon

Rain

Winter monsoon

Dry spells

Hydraulic civilization theory

Places that have rivers could allow for high agricultural surpluses —> development of civilization

Cultural Hearths

River valley civilizations

Partition of India

(1947) India is divided into West and East Pakistan, and India after WWII 

Bangladesh

Highly affected by the anthropocene,

State Morphology

Shapes of states are associated with how well they can be governed (Square> archipelago)

Hydro-politics

Geopolitics and flashpoints in the mnts

Jammu and Kashmir

Pakistan/Indian conflict that involves the area of North India

Why does Pakistan want Kashmir?

Contains the tributaries of the Indus River, the only river flowing through the state, worries that India might dam it

Pakistan’s Fwd Capital

Pakistan’s future is in the mountains; it also has the modern geometric shapes that are from europenaization 

Hindutva

Indian nationalism, violence against muslims