Period 4 and 5 Cumulative

William Lloyd Garrison

Radical abolitionist who published The Liberator and demanded the immediate end of slavery without compromise.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women's rights leader who helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention and advocated for women's suffrage and equality.

John Brown

Militant abolitionist who believed violence was justified to end slavery; led raids including Harpers Ferry.

Harriet Tubman

Former enslaved woman who escaped slavery and helped others escape via the Underground Railroad.

Frederick Douglass

Former enslaved man who became a powerful abolitionist speaker and writer advocating for emancipation and equality.

Underground Railroad

Secret network of safe houses and routes used to help enslaved people escape to free states and Canada.

Whig Party

Political party that opposed Andrew Jackson and supported Congress

Democratic Party

Political party led by Andrew Jackson that favored states' rights

Know Nothing Party

Nativist political party opposed to immigration

Republican Party

Political party formed in the 1850s to oppose the expansion of slavery into new territories.

Transcendentalism

Philosophical movement emphasizing individualism

Great Awakening

Religious revival movement that emphasized emotional preaching and personal faith.

Temperance Movement

Reform movement aimed at reducing or banning alcohol consumption.

Abolitionist Movement

Movement dedicated to ending slavery in the United States.

Women's Rights

Reform movement seeking legal

Seneca Falls

1848 women's rights convention that issued the Declaration of Sentiments calling for gender equality.

Missouri Compromise

1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state

Nat Turner's Rebellion

1831 slave revolt in Virginia that led to harsher slave laws in the South.

John Marshall

Chief Justice who strengthened the power of the federal government and Supreme Court.

Thomas Jefferson

Third U.S. president who authored the Declaration of Independence and completed the Louisiana Purchase.

Louisiana Purchase

1803 acquisition of land from France that doubled the size of the United States.

Lewis & Clark Expedition

Exploration of the Louisiana Territory to find a route to the Pacific Ocean.

Marbury v. Madison

1803 Supreme Court case that established judicial review.

James Madison

Fourth U.S. president and 'Father of the Constitution'; led the nation during the War of 1812.

War of 1812

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain that increased American nationalism.

James Monroe

Fifth U.S. president associated with national unity and the Monroe Doctrine.

Monroe Doctrine

Foreign policy warning European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.

Era of Good Feelings

Period of political unity and nationalism after the War of 1812.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court case that gave the federal government control over interstate commerce.

Market Revolution

Economic transformation marked by industrialization

Andrew Jackson

Seventh U.S. president who promoted democracy for white men and expanded executive power.

John C. Calhoun

Southern leader who defended slavery and states' rights through nullification.

Henry Clay

Congressional leader who promoted compromise and the American System.

The American System

Henry Clay's plan for economic growth using tariffs

Erie Canal

Waterway that connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean

Railroads

Transportation innovation that connected regions and promoted westward expansion.

Steam Engine

Technology that powered factories

Manifest Destiny

Belief that Americans were destined to expand westward across the continent.

Mexican-American War

War fought over territory that resulted in U.S. acquisition of southwestern lands.

Compromise of 1850

Series of laws that addressed slavery in new territories and delayed sectional conflict.

Fugitive Slave Act

Law requiring escaped enslaved people to be returned to their enslavers

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author whose novel exposed the cruelty of slavery and fueled abolitionist sentiment.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Antislavery novel that increased Northern opposition to slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Law allowing settlers to vote on slavery

Bleeding Kansas

Violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in Kansas.

Dred Scott Decision

Supreme Court ruling that declared African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery.

John Brown's Raid

1859 attack on Harpers Ferry intended to spark a slave rebellion.

Abraham Lincoln's Election

1860 election that led Southern states to secede from the Union.

Civil War Strategy

Union aimed to blockade the South and control the Mississippi River; Confederacy sought to defend territory and gain foreign support.