28.1

Motivation

Desire or need driving behavioral change.

Instinct Theory

Motivations are innate and species-specific.

William James

Proposed early instinct theory of motivation.

Drive Reduction Theory

Motivation arises from reducing bodily needs.

Clark Hull

Developed Drive Reduction Theory of motivation.

Primary Motives

Biological needs essential for survival.

Secondary Motives

Learned needs not essential for survival.

Stimulus Motives

Innate motivations for intellectual stimulation.

Physical Instincts

Innate behaviors like breathing and movement.

Mental Instincts

Innate behaviors like love and curiosity.

Drive

State of tension from unmet bodily needs.

Drive-Reducing Behaviors

Actions taken to satisfy bodily needs.

Thirst

Drive created by lack of water.

Power Motivation

Desire for influence and control.

Achievement Motivation

Desire to accomplish personal goals.

Entertainment Motivation

Motivation derived from engaging activities.

Learned Needs

Motivations developed through personal experiences.

Behavior Direction

Guidance of actions by various motivations.

Example of Primary Motivation

Sleeping is necessary for daily life.