Health Science Final Exam

The lymphatic vessel that collects lymph from the left chest, abdomen, and lower limbs is called the:

Thoracic duct

A lymphatic structure located in the thoracic cavity is called:

Thymus gland

Caleb has peripheral edema. Which function of his lymph system may be impaired?

Fluid balance

Which lymphatic structures closely parallel veins

Lymph vessels

Joe is a high school student who complained of fatigue. His physician determined Joe had enlarged lymph nodes in his neck and increased leukocytes. The physician diagnosed Joe with a viral condition called:

Mononucleosis

Which lymphatic structure is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen?

Spleen

During lunch, a student began to have severe breathing problems, facial swelling, and wheezing. What type of reaction did she have to an allergen?

Anaphylaxis

Lisa is complaining of a very sore throat. Upon examination, the doctor explained to her that the soft tissue masses located at the back of her throat are both swollen and bright red. These are known as:

Palatine tonsils

Tina volunteers in a daycare and learns that she was exposed to influenza. Her lymphatic system responds by passing lymph through a lymph node, filtering bacteria and debris, and by adding:

Lymphocytes

Crohn’s disease and Addison’s disease are similar in that they both are:

Autoimmune disorders

Evelyn recently recovered from a viral illness. In the future, evelyn will be free from the risk of developing symptoms for this same illness because she has?

Natural aquired immunity

Sarah has a fever and cough. How does her lymphatic system respond to these symptoms?

Lymphocyte production

Martha has a butterfly rash on her face. This is a classic sign of which lymphatic disorder?

Lupus erthematosus

Beck just had a baby. Her physician is encouraging her to breastfeed. What benefit does breast milk provide that would make the physician encourage this action?

passive immunity

The largest lymphatic structure is?

spleen

Which tiny oval-shaped structures located throughout the body may swell when infection is present?

Lymph nodes

Lisa noticed that she developed a rash every time after eating peanut butter. Lisa was diagnosed by her doctor with:

Hyper sensitivity

Jane is experiencing difficult moving, difficulty breathing, and stiffening of her skin. Which lymphatic disorder may jane most likely be diagnosed with?

scleroderma

North Carolina has a strict immunization requirements for students to attend public schools. What benefit does vaccinations provide?

Artificial active immunity

After visiting a theme park, Susan learns she may have been exposed to measles at the park. If Susa were to develop measles from this possible exposure, Susan would have:

Natural acquired immunity

Paul is receiving his immunization for measles, mumps, and rubella by a nurse practitioner. Which type of immunity to these diseases will Paul receive?

Artificial acquired immunity

Sally falls while running outside and scrapes her knee. The skin breaks and begins to bleed, Debris enters the broken skin, and neutrophils recognize the debris as a foreign body. Neutrophils ingest and destroy the foreign antigen, and they release cytokines. Which immune cycle response happens next?

Chemicals attract white blood cells to the infection site and stimulate inflammation.

As Joe entered college, he began to experience night sweats along with enlarged, non painful lymph nodes. Joe was shocked that he was diagnosed with a cancer called:

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Which hormone is most likely deficient for a teenage girl who has undeveloped breasts and an absence of her first menstruation cycle?

Estrogen

Jackie complained to her doctor about nervousness and weight loss even though she has increased her food intake. Laboratory tests revealed that Jackie had an elevated level of which hormone?

Thyroxin

Terri has an excessive appetite but has trouble gaining weight. She also has exophthalmos. What condition might she have?

Hyperthyroidism

Trey has the appearance of a tan, even during the winter months. During a physical exam, he had a low blood pressure and low blood sugar. These symptoms are indicative of:

Addison’s disease

the pituitary gland is known as the:

Master gland

Angela is becoming more and more tired and notices dry skin and weight gain. Her hairdresser told her that her hair is breaking off. She has noticed some swelling in her neck. Angela could have:

Hypothyroidism

An organ that produces secretions called hormones is known as a:

Gland

A 19 year old male who lacks chest hair development, a deepen voice, or increased muscle mass is most likely deficient in which hormone.

Testosterone

Which gland is divided into anterior and posterior lobes?

Pituitary

Which gland is butterfly shaped and located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx?

Thyroid

A patient had his parathyroid glands surgically removed. This procedure can lead to a condition characterized by muscle twitching and seizures. The condition that the patient must be aware of is:

Tetany

What endocrine gland contains the islets of Langerhans?

Pancreas

The pituitary gland is controlled by the:

Hypothalamus

A diabetic patient who has a wound infection that is healing slowly may be started in a diet high in:

Protein

The pituitary gland is located in the:

Head

In an emergency situation, the fight ir flight hormone will increase the heart rate and blood pressure. This hormone is:

Adrenaline

The adrenal glands are located directly above the kidneys and are:

Divided into the cortex and medulla

A small child was being chased by a large dog. Out of fear, the child ran really fast. Which gland enabled the child to get away from the dog?

Adrenal

Which endocrine disorder may be prevented by consuming iodized salt on food?

Hypothyroidism

The endocrinologist saw a patient whose parents were concerned about their 8 year old’s short stature. The physician suspects the child may have with deficiency?

Growth hormone

The pregnant women began to have contractions of the uterus in preparation for childbirth. What is the name of the hormone that initiated her contractions?

Oxytocin

Which endocrine structure includes the ovaries and the testes?

Gonads

The obstetrician instructs a new mother about the changes in her body. He explains that her breast milk production is the result of:

Prolactin

A patient presented at the doctor’s office with hypertensions, a buffalo hump, and moon face. The symptoms are indicative of:

Cushing’s syndrome

Which gland is posterior to the sternum?

Thymus

Janie has hyperglycemia and is being treated with insulin. Which of Janie’s endocrine glands is functioning inefficiently?

Pancreas

The pancreas is also an organ of the:

Digestive system

A 47 year old man went to see his doctor. From viewing family pictures, the patient’s wife could see her husband’s hands, lips, and nose had become enlarged. His chin also protudes more than it used to. Following some laboratory studies, the doctor diagnosed the patient with:

Acromegaly

The thymus gland is also an organ of the:

Lymphatic system

On his way to work, the student witnessed a traffic accident. His heart rate increased and his mental alertness improved as he assisted the victims. The student’s response resulted from the release of:

Epinephrine

During this stage of the menstrual cycle, LH, estrogen, and FSH hormones peak and circulate within a female’s body. This stage in the menstrual cycle is the:

Ovulation stage

Menopause normally occurs between the ages of forty five and fifty five, but can be induced prematurely by which procedure?

Hysterectomy

Which females reproductive organ contains a muscular layer?

Uterus

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women between the ages of 32-52. Which procedure may provide early detection and increased life expectancy for women with breast cancer?

Mammogram

During a vasectomy, what structure is severed to produce sterility in the male?

Vas deferens

Women that are sexually active should have an annual exam and screening for the early detection of cervical cancer. This screening is a:

Pap smear

which gland produces fluid that aids in the expulsion of semen and enhances the motility of sperm.

prostate

Which female reproductive disorder is characterized by abdominal pain, excessive menstrual bleeding, and the potential for permanent damage of the reproductive organs, including sterility?

endometriosis

jessica recently learned that she is pregnant. She knows that fertilization normally takes place in the oviduct. Which structure functions in this manner.

fallopian tube

which function of the female reproductive system is demonstrated with menarche.

menstruation

which structure of the female reproductive system is found between the opening of the vagina and the anus.

perineum

during which menstrual stage is progesterone produced

corpus luteum stage

sarah had a positive pregnancy test at her doctor’s office. two weeks later began experiencing severe pain in her lower abdomen. She was diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy. Where is the embryo most often found in this disorder.

fallopian tubewhich structure of the female r

which structure of the female reproductive system serves as the narrow opening to the uterus?

Cervix

During the last three months of fetal development, the testes migrate downward through the abdominal wall and enter the scrotum. Which condition will an infant be diagnosed with if this process fails to occur?

Cryptorchidism

A 22 year old patient consulted his physician after noticing scrotal heaviness, back pain, and breast development. Upon examination, the physician diagnosed him with:

Testicular cancer

What structure produces secretions that provide nutrients and protection to sperm upon ejaculation?

Seminal vesicles

What 45 centimeter structure of the male reproductive system connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

Vas deferens

Which structure of the male reproductive system is shared between the urinary and reproductive systems?

urethra

Which structure of the male reproductive system stores sperm and connects to the testes

Epididymis

Kelsey has an inflammatory response as a result of tampon misuse. Her symptoms includes abdominal tenderness, hypotensions, respiratory distress, and renal failure. Which female reproductive disorder is she experiencing?

Toxic shock syndrome

WHat term describes the normal discharge of an unfertilized ovum and degenerated endometrium from the female reproductive tract?

Menstruation

Betty is 55 years old and has completed her years having a monthly menstrual cycle. This end of ovulation which completes a female’s childbearing years is known as:

Menopause

The thick, smooth, middle muscular layer of the uterus is called the:

Myometrium

Monica is breastfeeding her newborn baby. Her left breast is red and tender. Which female reproductive disorder is she experiencing?

Mastitis

Karen has scheduled an appointment with her gynecologist because she is experiencing dysmenorrhea. This term means:

Painful menstruation

In the female reproductive system, a hollow muscular organ sits in the pelvic cavity between the bladder and the rectum. It is composed of thick muscle with a rich blood supply. This organ is the:

Uterus

Which structure of the male reproductive system is the size of a pea and inferior to the prostate?

Bulbourethral gland

What is the correct pathway for sperm from spermatogenesis to ejaculation?

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Christy experienced abdominal pain and visited her gynecologist. tests revealed that she had inflammation of the fallopian tubes. What term would describe this condition?

Salpingitis

Which structure of the female reproductive system is composed of fat deposits that surround the entrance to the vagina?

Labia majora

Mandy’s grandfather is having difficulty urinating. His doctor believes there may be a problem with one of the glands of the male reproductive system. Which gland is the doctor referring to?

Prostate gland

What structure of the male reproductive system surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder?

Prostate gland

During a course of antibiotics for a urinary tract infection, the patient began to experieince vaginal itching, burning, and leukorrhea. The patient exhibited signs of a:

Yeast infection

The two synthetic hormones used in oral contraceptives are:

Estrogen and progesterone

Which structure of the female reproductive system contains the egg cells?

Ovary

Prolactin, released from the anterior from the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the production of:

Breast milk

Which structure of the male reproductive system is suspended in the scrotal sac?

Testes

Mike is 67 years old and has started having problems with urination. he feels the urge to urinate frequently, but only voids a small amount of urine. If left untreated, Mike will lose the ability for the bladder to empty and could develop an infection. Mike is experiencing symptoms of which disorder?

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Jackie is a marathon runner who stopped having a regular monthly menstrual cycle three months ago. Which female reproductive disorder is she experiencing?

Amennorrhea

What female reproductive disorder is characterized by the irregular growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus?

Endometriosis

eating a diet high in calcium will improve the healthy of ones bones, teeth, and nervous system as well as:

aid in blood clotting

which structures is an accessory organ of the digestive system

gallbladder

The digestive system is also known as the

alimentary canal

The term gastro means

stomach

what role do saliva and digestive enzymes play in breaking down food

chemical digestion

which are the primary structures of the gastrointestinal tract that food passes through during digestion process

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon.