Eukaryotes: Protists

protists

a paraphyletic group that represent all eukaryotes that aren’t land plants, animals, or fungi

size

a change in cell morphology which involves a loss of cell wall and a volume to surface area trade off

dynamic cytoskeleton

a change in cell morphology which allow cells to change shape and move things around more

nucleus

a change in cell morphology that is caused from an infolding of the cell membrane surrounding the cells DNA, compartmentalizing it

mitochondria

a change in cell morphology where cell respiration takes place in the eukaryotic cell, generating chemical energy (ATP) caused from primary endosymbiosis

endosymbiotic theory

the theory that mitochondria originated when an ancestral bacterium took residence inside ancestral eukaryotic cell and led to a symbiotic relationship. This is supported by size, replication, membranes, chromosomes, and DNA sequencing.

chloroplasts

a change in cell morphology in which photosynthesis takes place. Caused when an ancestral heterotroph engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacterium leading to symbiosis dependency and later secondary endosymbiosis

anchored to surface

kind of protist movement in which organism is moved by surrounding environment, has mobile stage as single celled gametes

gliding

kind of protist movement in which organism is carried around by liquid environment and gliding through secretion of gel like substance

beating of cillia

kind of protsist movement throughs hort hair like structures

beating of flagellum

kind of protist movement in which organism swims with a tail like structure

crawling across substrate

kind of protist movement in which organism climbs across surface by changing shape of cell body through cytoplasmic streaming

ingesting packets of food

kind of protist feeding in which packets of food are absorbed into membrane

absorptive feeding

kind of feeding in which nutrients are taken up directly from the environment across the plasma membrane

photosynthesis

kind of feeding in which organisms contain photosynthetic pigments to convert light into sugar

haploid dominant

life cycle that is primarily asexual reproduction of haploid individuals. The zygote undergoes meiosis and haploid individuals are released. Gametes and aseuxal reproduction through mitosis

diploid dominant

life cycle where an adult cell undergoes meiosis to form haploid gametes, those gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote, that diploid zygote develops into mature diploid individual

alternation of generations

life cycle where individuals undergo haploid and diploid phases. Consists of haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes