geography vocab p2

Remittances

Money immigrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries.

Cyclic Movement

Or circulation - for example, nomadic migration - that has closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally; eg., activity (action) space - space within which daily activity occurs; commuting seasonal, nomadism.

Diaspora

The dispersion or spreading of something that was originally localized (as a people or language or culture), the scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs from their homeland.

Periodic Movements

Movement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation.

Migrant Labor

A common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the United States and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants.

Transhumance

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.

Military Service

A common form of periodic movement - in the USA involves as many as 10 millions citizens in a given year, - military personnel and families are moved to new locations where they will spend tours of duty lasting up to several years.

Migration

A change in residence intended to be permanent.

International Migration

Human movement involving movement across international boundaries.

Internal Migration

Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the United States.

Forced Migration

Human migration flows which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Voluntary Migration

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move.

Laws of Migration

Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flows of migrants.

Gravity Model

A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places: the interaction being a function of (1) population size of the respective places and (2) the distance between them.

Push Factors

Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale.

Pull Factors

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from the other areas.

Distance Decay

The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less the interaction.

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from a farm to a nearby village and later to town or city.

Intervening Opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes that attractiveness of sites farther away.

Kinship Links

Types of push factors that influence a migrant’s decision to go where family or village and later to town or city.

Chain Migration

Pattern of migrant that develops when migrants move along the through kinship links i.e. one migrant settles in a place and then writes, calls, or communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate there.